diff --git a/src/include/base/base.cc.h b/src/include/base/base.cc.h
index 31b3622..8f547df 100644
--- a/src/include/base/base.cc.h
+++ b/src/include/base/base.cc.h
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 
 #include "dtype.cc.h"
+#include "obj_handle.cc.h"
diff --git a/src/include/base/base.h b/src/include/base/base.h
index 9dc7a11..f0bfbe0 100644
--- a/src/include/base/base.h
+++ b/src/include/base/base.h
@@ -8,5 +8,7 @@
 #include "macros.h"
 #include "assert.h"
 #include "types.h"
+#include "obj_handle.h"
+#include "dtype.h"
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/include/base/obj_handle.cc.h b/src/include/base/obj_handle.cc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58a5084
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/base/obj_handle.cc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+
+#ifndef __cxz_obj_handle_cc_h__
+#define __cxz_obj_handle_cc_h__
+
+#include "obj_handle.h"
+
+namespace CNORXZ
+{
+    
+    template <typename T>
+    ObjHandle<T>::ObjHandle() : mC(std::make_unique<T>()) {}
+
+    template <typename T>
+    ObjHandle<T>::ObjHandle(const T& a) : mC(std::make_unique<T>(a)) {}
+
+    template <typename T>
+    ObjHandle<T>::ObjHandle(const ObjHandle& a) : mC(std::make_unique<T>(*a.mC)) {}
+
+    template <typename T>
+    ObjHandle<T>::ObjHandle(ObjHandle&& a) : mC(a.mC) {}
+
+    template <typename T>
+    ObjHandle& ObjHandle<T>::operator=(const ObjHandle& a)
+    {
+	mC = std::make_unique<T>(*a.mC);
+	return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    ObjHandle& ObjHandle<T>::operator=(ObjHandle&& a)
+    {
+	mC = a.mC;
+	return *this;
+    }
+    
+    template <typename T>
+    T& ObjHandle<T>::operator*()
+    {
+	return *mC;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    T* ObjHandle<T>::operator->()
+    {
+	return &*mC;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    const T& ObjHandle<T>::operator*() const
+    {
+	return *mC;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    const T* ObjHandle<T>::operator->() const
+    {
+	return &*mC;
+    }
+
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/include/base/obj_handle.h b/src/include/base/obj_handle.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96a7f9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/base/obj_handle.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+
+#ifndef __cxz_obj_handle_h__
+#define __cxz_obj_handle_h__
+
+#include "types.h"
+
+namespace CNORXZ
+{
+
+    // Pointer wrapper for directly handling objects via abstract base class;
+    // Provides appropriate copy implementation
+    template <typename T>
+    class ObjHandle
+    {
+    private:
+	std::unique_ptr<T> mC;
+
+    public:
+
+	ObjHandle();
+	ObjHandle(const T& a);
+	ObjHandle(const ObjHandle& a);
+	ObjHandle(ObjHandle&& a);
+	ObjHandle& operator=(const ObjHandle& a);
+	ObjHandle& operator=(ObjHandle&& a);
+	
+	T& operator*();
+	T* operator->();
+	const T& operator*() const;
+	const T* operator->() const;
+    };
+    
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/include/base/types.h b/src/include/base/types.h
index 9c5e93d..535641e 100644
--- a/src/include/base/types.h
+++ b/src/include/base/types.h
@@ -31,6 +31,12 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     template <typename T>
     using Sptr = std::shared_ptr<T>;
 
+    template <typename T>
+    using Wptr = std::weak_ptr<T>;
+
+    template <typename T>
+    using Uptr = std::unique_ptr<T>;
+
     template <typename... T>
     using Tuple = std::tuple<T...>;
 
@@ -49,6 +55,10 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     // definition: base/dtype.h
     class DType;
 
+    // definition: base/obj_handle.h
+    template <typename T>
+    class ObjHandle;
+    
     // definition: memory/allocator.h
     template <typename T>
     class Allocator;
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/crange.h b/src/include/ranges/crange.h
index dccd37e..7390030 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/crange.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/crange.h
@@ -1,87 +1,106 @@
 
-//#ifdef include_range_type
-//include_range_type(NONE,0)
-//#else
-
-#ifndef include_range_type
-#ifdef __cxz_ranges_header__
-// assert, that this is only used within range_types/header.h
-
 #ifndef __cxz_range_type_classic_def__
 #define __cxz_range_type_classic_def__
 
+#include "base/base.h"
+#include "ranges/index_base.h"
+#include "ranges/range_base.h"
+#include "xfor/for_type.h"
+
 namespace CNORXZ
 {
-    typedef GenSingleIndex<size_t,SpaceType::NONE,MUI> ClassicIndex;
-
-    template <>
-    class GenSingleRangeFactory<size_t,SpaceType::NONE,MUI> : public RangeFactoryBase
+    class CIndex : public IndexInterface<CIndex<MetaType>,SizeT>
     {
     public:
-	
-	typedef GenSingleRange<size_t,SpaceType::NONE,MUI> oType;
 
-	GenSingleRangeFactory(size_t size = 0);
-	std::shared_ptr<RangeBase> create();
+	typedef IndexInterface<CIndex<SizeT>,SizeT> IB;
+	typedef CRange RangeType;
+
+	CIndex(const RangePtr& range);
 	
+	CIndex& operator=(SizeT pos);
+	CIndex& operator++();
+	CIndex& operator--();
+	CIndex operator+(Int n) const;
+	CIndex operator-(Int n) const;
+	CIndex& operator+=(Int n);
+	CIndex& operator-=(Int n);
+
+	SizeT operator*() const;
+	SizeT operator->() const;
+	
+	Int pp(PtrId idxPtrNum);
+	Int mm(PtrId idxPtrNum);
+
+	SizeT dim() const; // = 1
+	Sptr<RangeType> range() const;
+	SizeT getStepSize(SizeT n) const;
+
+	String stringMeta() const;
+	SizeT meta() const;
+	CIndex& at(const SizeT& metaPos);
+
+	template <class Expr>
+	auto ifor(SizeT step, Expr ex) const
+	    -> For<CIndex<SizeT>,Expr>;
+
+	template <class Expr>
+	auto iforh(SizeT step, Expr ex) const
+	    -> For<CIndex<SizeT>,Expr,ForType::HIDDEN>;
+
+        template <class Expr>
+	auto pifor(SizeT step, Expr ex) const
+	    -> PFor<CIndex<SizeT>,Expr>;
+        
+    private:
+	Sptr<RangeType> mRangePtr;
     };
 
-    template <>
-    class GenSingleRange<size_t,SpaceType::NONE,MUI> : public RangeInterface<ClassicIndex>
+
+    class CRangeFactory : public RangeFactoryBase
+    {
+    public:
+	typedef CRange oType;
+
+	CRangeFactory(SizeT size);
+	CRangeFactory(SizeT size, RangePtr ref);
+
+    protected:
+	virtual void make() override;
+
+    private:
+	RangePtr mRef;
+    };
+
+    class CRange : public RangeInterface<CIndex>
     {
     public:
 	typedef RangeBase RB;
-	typedef typename RangeInterface<GenSingleIndex<size_t,SpaceType::NONE,MUI> >::IndexType IndexType;
-	typedef GenSingleRange<size_t,SpaceType::NONE,MUI> RangeType;
-	typedef size_t MetaType;
-        typedef GenSingleRangeFactory<size_t,SpaceType::NONE,MUI> FType; 
+	typedef CIndex IndexType;
+        typedef CRangeFactory FType; 
         
-	virtual size_t size() const final;
-	virtual size_t dim() const final;
+	friend CRangeFactory;
 
-	virtual SpaceType spaceType() const final;
-        virtual DataHeader dataHeader() const final;
-        
-        virtual vector<size_t> typeNum() const final;
-        virtual size_t cmeta(char* target, size_t pos) const final;
-        virtual size_t cmetaSize() const final;
-	virtual std::string stringMeta(size_t pos) const final;
-	virtual vector<char> data() const final;
-	
-	size_t get(size_t pos) const;
-	size_t getMeta(size_t metaPos) const;
-	
+	virtual SizeT size() const final;
+	virtual SizeT dim() const final;
+	virtual String stringMeta(SizeT pos) const final;
 	virtual IndexType begin() const final;
 	virtual IndexType end() const final;
-	//virtual std::shared_ptr<VIWB> index() const final;
-	
-	friend GenSingleRangeFactory<size_t,SpaceType::NONE,MUI>;
 
-	static constexpr bool defaultable = true;
-	static constexpr size_t ISSTATIC = 0;
-	static constexpr size_t SIZE = MUI;
-	static constexpr bool HASMETACONT = false;
-	
-	static GenSingleRangeFactory<size_t,SpaceType::NONE,MUI> factory(size_t size = 0)
-	{ return GenSingleRangeFactory<size_t,SpaceType::NONE,MUI>(size); }
-	
+	SizeT get(SizeT pos) const;
+	SizeT getMeta(SizeT metaPos) const;
+
     protected:
 
-	size_t mSize = 0; 
-	
-	GenSingleRange() = default;
-	GenSingleRange(const GenSingleRange& in) = delete;
+	CRange() = default;
+	CRange(const CRange& in) = delete;
+	CRange(SizeT size);
 
-	GenSingleRange(size_t size);
+	SizeT mSize = 0; 
     };
 
-    typedef GenSingleRange<size_t,SpaceType::NONE,MUI> ClassicRange;
-    typedef GenSingleRangeFactory<size_t,SpaceType::NONE,MUI> ClassicRF;
+    template <>
+    Sptr<CRange> rangeCast<CRange>(const RangePtr& r);
 }
 
-
-#endif // #ifndef __cxz_range_type_classic_def__
-
-#endif // #ifdef __cxz_ranges_header__
-
-#endif // #ifdef include_range_type
+#endif
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/index_base.cc.h b/src/include/ranges/index_base.cc.h
index f192ff1..a3ccfbb 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/index_base.cc.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/index_base.cc.h
@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 
     template <class I, typename MetaType>
     IndexInterface<I,MetaType>::IndexInterface(const IndexInterface& in) :
-	mRangePtr(in.mRangePtr), mPos(in.mPos), mMax(in.mMax)
+	mPos(in.mPos)
     {
 	mPtrNum = reinterpret_cast<PtrId>(this);
     }
 
     template <class I, typename MetaType>
     IndexInterface<I,MetaType>::IndexInterface(IndexInterface&& in) :
-	mRangePtr(in.mRangePtr), mPos(in.mPos), mMax(in.mMax)
+	mPos(in.mPos)
     {
 	mPtrNum = reinterpret_cast<PtrId>(this);
     }
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     {
 	mRangePtr = in.mRangePtr;
 	mPos = in.mPos;
-	mMax = in.mMax;
 	return *this;
     }
 
@@ -44,13 +43,12 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     {
 	mRangePtr = in.mRangePtr;
 	mPos = in.mPos;
-	mMax = in.mMax;
 	return *this;
     }
     
     template <class I, typename MetaType>
-    IndexInterface<I,MetaType>::IndexInterface(const RangePtr& range, SizeT pos) :
-	mRangePtr(range), mPos(pos), mMax(mRangePtr->size())
+    IndexInterface<I,MetaType>::IndexInterface(SizeT pos) :
+	mPos(pos)
     {
 	mPtrNum = reinterpret_cast<PtrId>(this);
     }
@@ -58,13 +56,13 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     template <class I, typename MetaType>
     bool IndexInterface<I,MetaType>::operator==(const IndexInterface& in) const
     {
-	return in.mPos == mPos and in.mRangePtr.get() == mRangePtr.get();
+	return in.mPos == mPos and *in.range() == *range();
     }
 
     template <class I, typename MetaType>
     bool IndexInterface<I,MetaType>::operator!=(const IndexInterface& in) const
     {
-	return in.mPos != mPos or in.mRangePtr.get() != mRangePtr.get();
+	return in.mPos != mPos or *in.range() != *range();
     }
 
     template <class I, typename MetaType>
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/index_base.h b/src/include/ranges/index_base.h
index 160d6e7..79d8d30 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/index_base.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/index_base.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	Int operator-(const IndexInterface& i) const { return mPos - i.mPos; }
 	
 	SizeT pos() const;
-	SizeT max() const;
+	SizeT max() const { return THIS().max(); }
 	PtrId ptrId() const;
 
 	bool operator==(const IndexInterface& in) const;
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	SizeT getStepSize(SizeT n) const { return THIS().getStepSize(n); }
 	
 	String stringMeta() const { return THIS().stringMeta(); }
-	MetaType meta() const { return THIS().meta(); }
+	auto meta() const { return THIS().meta(); }
 	I& at(const MetaType& meta) { return THIS().at(meta); }
 
 	template <class Expr>
@@ -70,11 +70,10 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	IndexInterface& operator=(const IndexInterface& in);
 	IndexInterface(IndexInterface&& in);
 	IndexInterface& operator=(IndexInterface&& in);
-	IndexInterface(const RangePtr& range, SizeT pos);
+	IndexInterface(SizeT pos);
 
 	IndexPtr mRel = nullptr;
 	SizeT mPos = 0;
-	SizeT mMax = 0;
 	PtrId mPtrId = 0;
     };
 
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/range_base.cc.h b/src/include/ranges/range_base.cc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e40a06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/ranges/range_base.cc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+#ifndef __cxz_range_base_cc_h__
+#define __cxz_range_base_cc_h__
+
+#include "range_base.h"
+
+namespace CNORXZ
+{
+    template <class Index>
+    Index RangeInterface<Index>::begin() const
+    {
+	return Index(RangePtr(RB::mThis), 0);
+    }
+
+    template <class Index>
+    Index RangeInterface<Index>::end() const
+    {
+	return Index(RangePtr(RB::mThis), this->size());
+    }
+
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/range_base.h b/src/include/ranges/range_base.h
index ac31ea5..4afa25f 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/range_base.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/range_base.h
@@ -8,35 +8,6 @@
 namespace CNORXZ
 {
 
-    SizeT indexId();
-    
-    enum class SpaceType
-	{
-	 NONE = 0, // meta data is that of a classic range, i.e. 0,1,2,...,N-1
-	 ANY = 1, // meta data is arbitrary, i.e. explicitly stored; range could be multiple
-#define include_range_type(x,n) x = n,
-#include "range_types/header.h"
-#undef include_range_type
-	 ANON = -1, // anonymous content
-         DYN = -3 // dynamic content
-	};
-
-    struct DataHeader
-    {
-    public:
-	static constexpr SizeT VERSION = 1; // fixed by version of this repository !
-    private:
-	SizeT version = VERSION;
-    public:
-	int spaceType = static_cast<int>( SpaceType::NONE );
-	SizeT metaSize = 0; // size of meta data
-	int multiple = 0; // = 1 if multi range
-	int metaType = 0; // type of meta data
-	inline SizeT v() const { return version; } 
-    };
-
-    typedef Sptr<RangeBase> RangePtr;
-
     class RangeFactoryBase
     {
     public:
@@ -57,6 +28,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 
     private:
 	// also add single ranges here (PtrId -> own)
+	// rangeCast: PtrId -> original Range
 	static Map<TypeInfo,Map<Vector<PtrId>,RangePtr>> sCreated;
 	
     };
@@ -77,21 +49,12 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	bool operator!=(const RangeBase& in) const;
 
 	virtual TypeInfo type() const = 0;
-        PtrId id() const;
-
-	XIndexPtr beginX() const;
-	XIndexPtr endX() const;
-	
-        virtual Vector<SizeT> typeNum() const = 0;
-        virtual SizeT cmeta(char* target, SizeT pos) const = 0;
-        virtual SizeT cmetaSize() const = 0;
+	virtual TypeInfo metaType() const = 0;
         virtual String stringMeta(SizeT pos) const = 0;
-	virtual Vector<char> data() const = 0; // usefull when writing to files, etc...
 
-	virtual SpaceType spaceType() const = 0;
-        virtual DataHeader dataHeader() const = 0;
-
-	virtual RangePtr sub(SizeT num) const { return RangePtr(); }
+        PtrId id() const;
+	XIndexPtr begin() const;
+	XIndexPtr end() const;
 	
 	friend RangeFactoryBase;
 	
@@ -101,30 +64,23 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	std::weak_ptr<RangeBase> mThis;
     };
 
-    template <class Index>
-    inline Sptr<IndexWrapperBase> mkIndexWrapper(const Index& i);
-    
     template <class Index>
     class RangeInterface : public RangeBase
     {
     public:
 
-	//typedef typename Index::MetaType MetaType;
 	typedef Index IndexType;
-
-	static constexpr SpaceType STYPE = IndexType::STYPE;
+	typedef RangeBase RB;
 	
-	virtual Index begin() const = 0;
-	virtual Index end() const = 0;
-	Sptr<Index> beginPtr() const { return std::make_shared<Index>(this->begin()); }
-	Sptr<Index> endPtr() const { return std::make_shared<Index>(this->end()); }
-	virtual Sptr<IndexWrapperBase> aindex() const override final
-        { return mkIndexWrapper(this->begin()); }
+	Index begin() const;
+	Index end() const;
 
     protected:
 	RangeInterface() = default;
     };
 
+    template <class Range>
+    Sptr<Range> rangeCast(const RangePtr r);
 
     RangePtr operator*(const RangePtr& a, const RangePtr& b); // -> Ptr to MultiRange
 }
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/urange.cc.h b/src/include/ranges/urange.cc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d255da2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/ranges/urange.cc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+
+#ifndef __cxz_urange_cc_h__
+#define __cxz_urange_cc_h__
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "urange.h"
+
+namespace CNORXZ
+{
+    /*****************
+     *    UIndex     *	     
+     *****************/
+
+    namespace
+    {
+	template <typename MetaType>
+	Sptr<URange<MetaType>> rc(const RangePtr r)
+	{
+	    if(typeid(URange<MetaType>) == r.type()){
+		return std::dynamic_pointer_cast<URange<MetaType>>(r)
+	    }
+	    else {
+		return rangeCast<URange<MetaType>>(r);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    UIndex<MetaType>::UIndex(const RangePtr& range) :
+	IndexInterface<UIndex<MetaType>,MetaType>(0),
+	mRange(rc<MetaType>(range)),
+	mMetaPtr(&get(0))
+    {}
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    UIndex<MetaType>& UIndex<MetaType>::operator=(size_t pos)
+    {
+	IB::mPos = pos;
+	return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    UIndex<MetaType>& UIndex<MetaType>::operator++()
+    {
+	++IB::mPos;
+	return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    UIndex<MetaType>& UIndex<MetaType>::operator--()
+    {
+	--IB::mPos;
+	return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    int UIndex<MetaType>::pp(std::intptr_t idxPtrNum)
+    {
+	++(*this);
+	return 1;
+    }
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    int UIndex<MetaType>::mm(std::intptr_t idxPtrNum)
+    {
+	--(*this);
+	return 1;
+    }
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    String UIndex<MetaType>::stringMeta() const
+    {
+	return toString(this->meta());
+    }
+    
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    MetaType& UIndex<MetaType>::meta() const
+    {
+	return mSpace[IB::mPos];
+    }
+    
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    UIndex<MetaType>& UIndex<MetaType>::at(const MetaType& metaPos)
+    {
+	(*this) = mRangePtr->getMeta(metaPos);
+	return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    size_t UIndex<MetaType>::dim() // = 1
+    {
+	return 1;
+    }
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    Sptr<URange<MetaType>> UIndex<MetaType>::range()
+    {
+	return mRangePtr;
+    }
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    size_t UIndex<MetaType>::getStepSize(size_t n)
+    {
+	return 1;
+    }
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    template <class Expr>
+    auto UIndex<MetaType>::ifor(size_t step, Expr ex) const
+	-> For<URange<MetaType>,Expr>
+    {
+	return For<UIndex<MetaType>,Expr>(this, step, ex);
+    }
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    template <class Expr>
+    auto UIndex<MetaType>::iforh(size_t step, Expr ex) const
+	-> For<URange<MetaType>,Expr,ForType::HIDDEN>
+    {
+	return For<UIndex<MetaType>,Expr,ForType::HIDDEN>(this, step, ex);
+    }
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    template <class Expr>
+    auto UIndex<MetaType>::pifor(size_t step, Expr ex) const
+	-> PFor<URange<MetaType>,Expr>
+    {
+	return PFor<UIndex<MetaType>,Expr>(this, step, ex);
+    }
+
+    
+    /********************
+     *   SingleRange    *
+     ********************/
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    URangeFactory<MetaType>::URangeFactory(const Vector<MetaType>& space) :
+	mSpace(space) {}
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    URangeFactory<MetaType>::URangeFactory(Vector<MetaType>&& space) :
+	mSpace(space) {}
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    URangeFactory<MetaType>::URangeFactory(const Vector<MetaType>& space, const RangePtr& ref) :
+	mSpace(space), mRef(ref) {}
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    URangeFactory<MetaType>::URangeFactory(Vector<MetaType>&& space, const RangePtr& ref) :
+	mSpace(space), mRef(ref) {}
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    void URangeFactory<MetaType>::make()
+    {
+	if(mRef != nullptr) {
+	    mProd = this->fromCreated[typeid(oType)][mRef->id()];
+	}
+	if(mProd == nullptr){
+	    RangePtr key = mProd = std::shared_ptr<oType>
+		( new URange<MetaType>( std::move(mSpace) ) );
+	    if(mRef != nullptr) { key = mRef->id(); }
+	    this->addToCreated(typeid(oType), { key }, mProd);
+	}
+    }
+    
+    /********************
+     *   SingleRange    *
+     ********************/
+    
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    URange<MetaType>::URange(const Vector<MetaType>& space) :
+	RangeInterface<URange<MetaType>>(),
+	mSpace(space)
+    {
+	std::sort(mSpace.begin(), mSpace.end(), std::less<MetaType>());
+	auto itdupl = std::adjacent_find(mSpace.begin(), mSpace.end());
+	CXZ_ASSERT(itdupl == mSpace.end(), "found duplicate: " << *itdupl);
+    }
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    URange<MetaType>::URange(Vector<MetaType>&& space) :
+	RangeInterface<URange<MetaType>>(),
+	mSpace(space)
+    {
+	std::sort(mSpace.begin(), mSpace.end(), std::less<MetaType>());
+	auto itdupl = std::adjacent_find(mSpace.begin(), mSpace.end());
+	CXZ_ASSERT(itdupl == mSpace.end(), "found duplicate: " << *itdupl);
+    }
+
+        
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    const MetaType& URange<MetaType>::get(size_t pos) const
+    {
+	return mSpace[pos];
+    }
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    SizeT URange<MetaType>::getMeta(const MetaType& meta) const
+    {
+	auto b = mSpace.begin();
+	auto e = mSpace.end();
+	return std::lower_bound(b, e, meta, std::less<MetaType>()) - b;
+    }
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    SizeT URange<MetaType>::size() const
+    {
+	return mSpace.size();
+    }
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    SizeT URange<MetaType>::dim() const
+    {
+	return 1;
+    }
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    String URange<MetaType>::stringMeta(SizeT pos) const
+    {
+	return toString(this->get(pos));
+    }
+    
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    typename URange<MetaType>::IndexType URange<MetaType>::begin() const
+    {
+	UIndex<MetaType> i( std::dynamic_pointer_cast<URange<MetaType> >
+			       ( std::shared_ptr<RangeBase>( RB::mThis ) ) );
+	i = 0;
+	return i;
+    }
+    
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    typename URange<MetaType>::IndexType URange<MetaType>::end() const
+    {
+	UIndex<MetaType> i( std::dynamic_pointer_cast<URange<MetaType> >
+			       ( std::shared_ptr<RangeBase>( RB::mThis ) ) );
+	i = this->size();
+	return i;
+    }
+
+    /*******************
+     *   Range Casts   *
+     *******************/
+
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    Sptr<URange<MetaType>> rangeCast<URange<MetaType>>(const RangePtr& r)
+    {
+	CXZ_ERROR("to be implemented...");
+	return nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/urange.h b/src/include/ranges/urange.h
index a06de4b..f62ca3b 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/urange.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/urange.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	SizeT getStepSize(SizeT n) const;
 
 	String stringMeta() const;
-	MetaType meta() const;
+	const MetaType& meta() const;
 	UIndex& at(const MetaType& metaPos);
 
 	template <class Expr>
@@ -64,12 +64,18 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     class URangeFactory : public RangeFactoryBase
     {
     public:
-	URangeFactory() = delete;
-	URangeFactory(const Vector<U>& space);
-        URangeFactory(Vector<U>&& space);
-
+	URangeFactory(const Vector<MetaType>& space);
+        URangeFactory(Vector<MetaType>&& space);
+	URangeFactory(const Vector<MetaType>& space, const RangePtr& ref);
+        URangeFactory(Vector<MetaType>&& space, const RangePtr& ref);
+	
     protected:
-	void make();
+	URangeFactory() = default;
+	virtual void make() override;
+
+    private:
+	Vector<MetaType> mSpace;
+	RangePtr mRef = nullptr;
     };
 
     template <typename MetaType>
@@ -80,342 +86,30 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	typedef UIndex<MetaType> IndexType;
 	typedef URangeFactory<MetaType> FType; 
 	
+	friend URangeFactory<MetaType>;
+
 	virtual SizeT size() const final;
 	virtual SizeT dim() const final;
+	virtual String stringMeta(SizeT pos) const final;
+	virtual IndexType begin() const final;
+	virtual IndexType end() const final;
 
-	virtual std::string stringMeta(SizeT pos) const final;
 	const MetaType& get(SizeT pos) const;
 	SizeT getMeta(const MetaType& metaPos) const;
 	
-	virtual IndexType begin() const final;
-	virtual IndexType end() const final;
 		
-	friend URangeFactory<MetaType>;
-
     protected:
 
 	URange() = delete;
 	URange(const URange& in) = delete;
-	URange(const vector<MetaType>& space);
-        URange(vector<MetaType>&& space);
+	URange(const Vector<MetaType>& space);
+        URange(Vector<MetaType>&& space);
 
-	Vector<MetaType> mSpace; // SORTED!!!
+	Vector<MetaType> mSpace;
     };
 
+    template <typename MetaType>
+    Sptr<URange<MetaType>> rangeCast<URange<MetaType>>(const RangePtr& r);
 }
 
-/* ========================= *
- * ---   TEMPLATE CODE   --- *
- * ========================= */
-
-namespace CNORXZ
-{
-    /*****************
-     *    UIndex     *	     
-     *****************/
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::GenSingleIndex(const std::shared_ptr<GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S> >& range) :
-	IndexInterface<GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>,U>(range, 0),
-	mExplicitRangePtr(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<RangeType>(IB::mRangePtr)),
-	mMetaPtr(MetaPtrHandle<GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::RangeType::HASMETACONT>::set
-		 ( dynamic_cast<RangeType*>(IB::mRangePtr.get() ) ) ) {}
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    IndexType GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::type() const
-    {
-	return IndexType::SINGLE;
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>& GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::operator=(size_t pos)
-    {
-	IB::mPos = pos;
-	return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>& GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::operator++()
-    {
-	++IB::mPos;
-	return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>& GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::operator--()
-    {
-	--IB::mPos;
-	return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    int GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::pp(std::intptr_t idxPtrNum)
-    {
-	++(*this);
-	return 1;
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    int GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::mm(std::intptr_t idxPtrNum)
-    {
-	--(*this);
-	return 1;
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    std::string GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::stringMeta() const
-    {
-	return std::dynamic_pointer_cast<GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S> const>( IB::mRangePtr )->stringMeta(IB::mPos);
-    }
-    
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    U GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::meta() const
-    {
-	return MetaPtrHandle<GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::RangeType::HASMETACONT>::getMeta
-	    ( mMetaPtr, IB::mPos, mExplicitRangePtr );
-    }
-    
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    const U* GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::metaPtr() const
-    {
-	return mMetaPtr;
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    bool GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::isMeta(const U& metaPos) const
-    {
-	return mExplicitRangePtr->isMeta(metaPos);
-    }
-    
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>& GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::at(const U& metaPos)
-    {
-	(*this) = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S> const>( IB::mRangePtr )->getMeta( metaPos );
-	return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    size_t GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::posAt(const U& metaPos) const
-    {
-	return std::dynamic_pointer_cast<GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S> const>( IB::mRangePtr )->getMeta( metaPos );
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    size_t GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::dim() // = 1
-    {
-	return 1;
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    bool GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::last()
-    {
-	return IB::mPos == IB::mMax - 1;
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    bool GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::first()
-    {
-	return IB::mPos == 0;
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    std::shared_ptr<typename GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::RangeType> GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::range()
-    {
-	return mExplicitRangePtr;
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    template <size_t N>
-    void GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::getPtr() {}
-    
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    size_t GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::getStepSize(size_t n)
-    {
-	return 1;
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    template <class Expr>
-    auto GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::ifor(size_t step, Expr ex) const
-	-> For<GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>,Expr>
-    {
-	return For<GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>,Expr>(this, step, ex);
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    template <class Expr>
-    auto GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::iforh(size_t step, Expr ex) const
-	-> For<GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>,Expr,ForType::HIDDEN>
-    {
-	return For<GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>,Expr,ForType::HIDDEN>(this, step, ex);
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    template <class Expr>
-    auto GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>::pifor(size_t step, Expr ex) const
-	-> PFor<GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>,Expr>
-    {
-	return PFor<GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S>,Expr>(this, step, ex);
-    }
-
-    
-    /********************
-     *   SingleRange    *
-     ********************/
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    GenSingleRangeFactory<U,TYPE,S>::GenSingleRangeFactory(const vector<U>& space)
-    {
-	mProd = std::shared_ptr<oType>( new GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S>( space ) );
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    GenSingleRangeFactory<U,TYPE,S>::GenSingleRangeFactory(vector<U>&& space)
-    {
-        mProd = std::shared_ptr<oType>( new GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S>( space ) );
-    }
-    
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    std::shared_ptr<RangeBase> GenSingleRangeFactory<U,TYPE,S>::create()
-    {
-	setSelf();
-	return mProd;
-    }
-    
-    /********************
-     *   SingleRange    *
-     ********************/
-    
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S>::GenSingleRange(const vector<U>& space) :
-	RangeInterface<GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S> >(),
-	mSpace(space), mMSpace(mSpace)
-    {
-	//for(size_t i = 0; i != mSpace.size(); ++i){
-	//  mMSpace[mSpace[i]] = i;
-	//}
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S>::GenSingleRange(vector<U>&& space) :
-	RangeInterface<GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S> >(),
-	mSpace(space), mMSpace(mSpace) {}
-
-        
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    const U& GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S>::get(size_t pos) const
-    {
-	return mSpace[pos];
-    }
-
-    template <size_t SIZE>
-    inline size_t getStatSizeOrDyn(size_t size)
-    {
-	return SIZE;
-    }
-
-    template <>
-    inline size_t getStatSizeOrDyn<MUI>(size_t size)
-    {
-	return size;
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    size_t GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S>::getMeta(const U& metaPos) const
-    {
-        return mMSpace.at(metaPos);
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    size_t GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S>::size() const
-    {
-	return getStatSizeOrDyn<S>(mSpace.size());
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    size_t GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S>::dim() const
-    {
-	return 1;
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    bool GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S>::isMeta(const U& metaPos) const
-    {
-	return mMSpace.count(metaPos) != 0;
-    }
-    
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    SpaceType GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S>::spaceType() const
-    {
-	return TYPE;
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    vector<size_t> GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S>::typeNum() const
-    {
-        return {NumTypeMap<U>::num()};
-    }
-    
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    size_t GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S>::cmeta(char* target, size_t pos) const
-    {
-        return ToCMeta<U>::apply(target, mSpace[pos]);
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    size_t GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S>::cmetaSize() const
-    {
-        return ToCMeta<U>::size(mSpace[0]);
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    std::string GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S>::stringMeta(size_t pos) const
-    {
-	return xToString(get(pos));
-    }
-
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    vector<char> GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S>::data() const
-    {
-        DataHeader h = dataHeader();
-	vector<char> out;
-	out.reserve(h.metaSize + sizeof(DataHeader));
-	char* hcp = reinterpret_cast<char*>(&h);
-	out.insert(out.end(), hcp, hcp + sizeof(DataHeader));
-	stringCat(out, mSpace);
-	return out;
-    }
-    
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    DataHeader GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S>::dataHeader() const
-    {
-	DataHeader h;
-	h.spaceType = static_cast<int>( TYPE );
-	h.metaSize = metaSize(mSpace);
-	h.metaType = NumTypeMap<U>::num();
-	h.multiple = 0;
-        return h;
-    }
-    
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    typename GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S>::IndexType GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S>::begin() const
-    {
-	GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S> i( std::dynamic_pointer_cast<GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S> >
-			       ( std::shared_ptr<RangeBase>( RB::mThis ) ) );
-	i = 0;
-	return i;
-    }
-    
-    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE, size_t S>
-    typename GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S>::IndexType GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S>::end() const
-    {
-	GenSingleIndex<U,TYPE,S> i( std::dynamic_pointer_cast<GenSingleRange<U,TYPE,S> >
-			       ( std::shared_ptr<RangeBase>( RB::mThis ) ) );
-	i = size();
-	return i;
-    }
-}
-
-#include "range_types/header.h"
-
 #endif
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/xfor/exttype.h b/src/include/ranges/xfor/exttype.h
index 1ff460a..76a12bd 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/xfor/exttype.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/xfor/exttype.h
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
 
 namespace CNORXZInternal
 {
+
+    // Dynamic Ext: ObjHandl<ExtBase>
+    // In For Expr: try to resolve until some upper limit
     
     struct None;
     
@@ -20,7 +23,6 @@ namespace CNORXZInternal
         
 	virtual size_t size() const = 0;
 	virtual const size_t& val() const = 0;
-	//virtual size_t rootSteps() const = 0;
 	virtual bool operator==(const ExtBase& in) const = 0;
 	virtual bool operator==(size_t in) const = 0;
 	    
@@ -33,7 +35,6 @@ namespace CNORXZInternal
 	template <class ExtType>
 	const ExtType& expl() const;
 
-        virtual std::string stype() const = 0;
     };
 
     typedef std::shared_ptr<ExtBase> DExt;
@@ -58,8 +59,6 @@ namespace CNORXZInternal
 	virtual std::shared_ptr<ExtBase> deepCopy() const override final { return std::make_shared<ExtT<ExtType>>(mExt); }
 
 	virtual size_t size() const override final { return sizeof(ExtType)/sizeof(size_t); }
-	//virtual size_t size() const override final { return ExtType::MExtSize(); }
-	//virtual size_t rootSteps() const override final;
 	const ExtType& ext() const { return mExt; }
 	virtual const size_t& val() const override final { return mExt.val(); }
 	virtual void zero() override final { mExt.zero(); }
@@ -75,9 +74,7 @@ namespace CNORXZInternal
 	virtual DExt operator*(size_t in) const override final
 	{ return std::make_shared<ExtT<ExtType>>( mExt * in ); }
 
-        virtual std::string stype() const override final { return std::string("T[") + mExt.stype() + "]"; }
     };
-    //class DExtT;
 
     template <class ExtType>
     DExt mkDExt(const ExtT<ExtType>& in)
@@ -275,13 +272,7 @@ namespace CNORXZInternal
         DExtTX& operator=(const DExtTX& in) { mNext = in.mNext; mDExt = in.mDExt->deepCopy(); return *this; }
         DExtTX& operator=(DExtTX&& in) { mNext = in.mNext; mDExt = in.mDExt->deepCopy(); return *this; }
         explicit DExtTX(const DExt& in) : mDExt(in) {}
-        /*
-	template <class Y>
-	DExtTX& operator=(const Y& y) { mDExt = std::make_shared<ExtT<Y>>(y); return *this; }
 
-	template <class Y>
-	DExtTX(const Y& y) : mDExt(std::make_shared<ExtT<Y>>(y)) {}
-        */
 	bool operator==(const DExtTX& in) const
 	{ return *mDExt == *in.mDExt and mNext == in.mNext; }
 	
@@ -320,7 +311,6 @@ namespace CNORXZInternal
 	template <size_t N>
 	inline auto nn() const;
 
-        std::string stype() const { return std::string("D[") + mDExt->stype() + "," + mNext.stype() + "]"; }
     };
 
     typedef DExtTX<None> DExtT;
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/xfor/xfor.h b/src/include/ranges/xfor/xfor.h
index 3880b6c..62dd797 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/xfor/xfor.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/xfor/xfor.h
@@ -2,50 +2,49 @@
 #ifndef __cxz_xfor_h__
 #define __cxz_xfor_h__
 
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <memory>
-#include <tuple>
-#include "xfor/for_type.h"
-#include "xfor/for_utils.h"
-#include "xfor/exttype.h"
-
-#include "allocator.h"
 #include <omp.h>
 
-#define VCHECK(a) std::cout << __FILE__ << ": @" << __LINE__ \
-    << " in " << __func__ << ": " << #a << " = " << a << std::endl; 
+#include "base/base.h"
+#include "for_type.h"
+#include "for_utils.h"
+#include "exttype.h"
 
-namespace CNORXZInternal
+namespace CNORXZ
 {
-    using namespace CNORXZ;
     // 'HIDDEN FOR' CLASS for nested for loops in contractions a.s.o.
     // (NO COUNTING OF MASTER POSITION !!!!!)
 
-    //typedef std::pair<size_t const*,size_t> DExt;
+    template <class Expr, class Pos>
+    class ExpressionInterface
+    {
+    public:
+	DEFAULT_MEMBERS(ExpressionInterface);
 
+	Expr& THIS() { return static_cast<Expr&>(*this); }
+	const Expr& THIS() const { return static_cast<const Expr&>(*this); }
 
-    
-    class ExpressionBase
+	Sptr<Expr> copy() const { THIS().copy(); }
+	
+	void operator(SizeT mlast, Pos last) { THIS()(mlast, last); }
+	void operator(SizeT mlast = 0) { THIS()(mlast); }
+
+	Pos rootSteps(PtrId ptrId = 0) const { return THIS().rootSteps(ptrId); }
+	Pos extension() const { return THIS().extenrion(); }
+    };
+
+    class XprBase : public ExpressionInterface<XprBase,Dext>
     {
     public:
 
-	ExpressionBase() = default;
-	ExpressionBase(const ExpressionBase& in) = default;
-	ExpressionBase(ExpressionBase&& in) = default;
-	ExpressionBase& operator=(const ExpressionBase& in) = default;
-	ExpressionBase& operator=(ExpressionBase&& in) = default;
+	DEFAULT_MEMBERS(XprBase);
 
-	//virtual size_t divResid() const { return 1; }
-	virtual std::intptr_t vI() const { return 0; }
+	virtual Sptr<XprBase> copy() const = 0;
 	
-	virtual std::shared_ptr<ExpressionBase> deepCopy() const = 0;
-	
-	virtual void operator()(size_t mlast, DExt last) = 0;
-	virtual void operator()(size_t mlast = 0) = 0;
+	virtual void operator()(SizeT mlast, DExt last) = 0;
+	virtual void operator()(SizeT mlast) = 0;
 
-        virtual DExt dRootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum = 0) const = 0;
-        virtual DExt dExtension() const = 0;
-        
+        virtual DExt rootSteps(PtrId iPtrNum = 0) const = 0;
+        virtual DExt extension() const = 0;
     };
 
     
@@ -77,80 +76,6 @@ namespace CNORXZInternal
 	}
     };
 
-    template <size_t ISSTATIC>
-    struct ForBound
-    {
-	template <size_t BOUND, size_t DIV = 1>
-	static inline size_t bound(size_t bound)
-	{
-	    return bound / DIV;
-	}
-    };
-
-    template <>
-    struct ForBound<1>
-    {
-	template <size_t BOUND, size_t DIV = 1>
-	static constexpr size_t bound(size_t bound)
-	{
-	    return BOUND / DIV;
-	}
-    };
-
-    
-    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
-    class SingleExpression : public ExpressionBase
-    {
-    private:
-	SingleExpression() = default;
-
-	const IndexClass* mIndPtr;
-	size_t mSPos;
-	size_t mMax;
-
-        Expr mExpr;
-	typedef decltype(mExpr.rootSteps()) ExtType;
-	ExtType mExt;
-
-        mutable ExtType mRootSteps;
-
-    public:
-	typedef ExpressionBase EB;
-	
-	static constexpr size_t LAYER = Expr::LAYER + 1;
-	static constexpr size_t SIZE = Expr::SIZE;
-	static constexpr size_t NHLAYER = Expr::NHLAYER + 1;
-
-	SingleExpression(const SingleExpression& in) = default;
-	SingleExpression& operator=(const SingleExpression& in) = default;
-	SingleExpression(SingleExpression&& in) = default;
-	SingleExpression& operator=(SingleExpression&& in) = default;
-	
-	SingleExpression(const std::shared_ptr<IndexClass>& indPtr,
-			 Expr expr);
-
-	SingleExpression(const IndexClass* indPtr,
-			 Expr expr);
-
-	virtual std::shared_ptr<ExpressionBase> deepCopy() const override final
-	{
-	    return std::make_shared<SingleExpression<IndexClass,Expr>>(*this);
-	}
-
-	template <size_t VS>
-	inline auto vec() const { return *this; }
-
-	inline void operator()(size_t mlast, DExt last) override final;
-	inline void operator()(size_t mlast, ExtType last);
-	inline void operator()(size_t mlast = 0) override final;
-
-        DExt dRootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum = 0) const override final;
-        DExt dExtension() const override final;
-
-        auto rootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum = 0) const -> ExtType;
-	auto extension() const -> ExtType;
-    };
-
     template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
     class SubExpr : public ExpressionBase
     {
@@ -177,26 +102,15 @@ namespace CNORXZInternal
 	static constexpr size_t SIZE = Expr::SIZE + 1;
 	static constexpr size_t NHLAYER = Expr::NHLAYER + 1;
 
-	SubExpr(const SubExpr& in) = default;
-	SubExpr& operator=(const SubExpr& in) = default;
-	SubExpr(SubExpr&& in) = default;
-	SubExpr& operator=(SubExpr&& in) = default;
+	DEFAULT_MEMBERS_X(SubExpr);
 	
-	SubExpr(const std::shared_ptr<IndexClass>& indPtr,
+	SubExpr(const Sptr<IndexClass>& indPtr,
 		std::intptr_t siptr,
                 const vector<size_t>* subset, Expr expr);
 
 	SubExpr(const IndexClass* indPtr, std::intptr_t siptr,
                 const vector<size_t>* subset, Expr expr);
 
-	virtual std::shared_ptr<ExpressionBase> deepCopy() const override final
-	{
-	    return std::make_shared<SubExpr<IndexClass,Expr>>(*this);
-	}
-
-	template <size_t VS>
-	inline auto vec() const { return *this; }
-
 	inline void operator()(size_t mlast, DExt last) override final;
 	inline void operator()(size_t mlast, ExtType last) ;
 	inline void operator()(size_t mlast = 0) override final;
@@ -208,58 +122,6 @@ namespace CNORXZInternal
 	auto extension() const -> ExtType;
     };
 
-    template <size_t LAYER, bool ISV>
-    struct MkVFor
-    {
-	template <size_t DIV, class IndexClass, class Expr>
-	using ptype = PFor<IndexClass,Expr,1>;
-
-	template <size_t DIV, class IndexClass, class Expr, ForType FT>
-	using type = For<IndexClass,Expr,FT,1>;
-    };
-
-    template <>
-    struct MkVFor<1,true>
-    {
-	template <size_t DIV, class IndexClass, class Expr>
-	using ptype = PFor<IndexClass,Expr,DIV>;
-
-	template <size_t DIV, class IndexClass, class Expr, ForType FT>
-	using type = For<IndexClass,Expr,FT,DIV>;
-    };
-
-    template <size_t LAYER>
-    struct MkVExpr
-    {
-	template <size_t VS, class Expr>
-	static auto mk(const Expr& e)
-	{
-	    return e.template vec<VS>();
-	}
-
-	template <class Expr>
-	static inline size_t divResid(const Expr& e)
-	{
-	    return e.divResid();
-	}
-    };
-
-    template <>
-    struct MkVExpr<1>
-    {
-	template <size_t VS, class Expr>
-	static auto mk(const Expr& e)
-	{
-	    return e; // terminate
-	}
-
-	template <class Expr>
-	static inline size_t divResid(const Expr& e)
-	{
-	    return 0;
-	}
-    };
-
     template <ForType FT, size_t LAYER>
     struct NHLayer
     {
@@ -315,49 +177,20 @@ namespace CNORXZInternal
 	static constexpr size_t SIZE = Expr::SIZE;
 	static constexpr size_t MAX = RangeType::SIZE / DIV;
 	static constexpr size_t NHLAYER = (FT == ForType::HIDDEN) ? 0 : Expr::NHLAYER + 1;
+
+	DEFAULT_MEMBERS(For);
 	
-	For(const For& in) = default;
-	For& operator=(const For& in) = default;
-	For(For&& in) = default;
-	For& operator=(For&& in) = default;
-	
-	For(const std::shared_ptr<IndexClass>& indPtr,
+	For(const Sptr<IndexClass>& indPtr,
 	    size_t step, Expr expr);
 
 	For(const IndexClass* indPtr,
 	    size_t step, Expr expr);
 
-	virtual std::shared_ptr<ExpressionBase> deepCopy() const override final
-	{
-	    return std::make_shared<For<IndexClass,Expr,FT,DIV>>(*this);
-	}
-
-	//virtual size_t divResid() const override final { return mMax % DIV + MkVExpr<LAYER>::divResid(mExpr); }
-
-	virtual std::intptr_t vI() const override final
-	{
-	    if(mStep == 1 and NHLAYER == 1 and mMax % DIV == 0){
-	    //if(mStep == 1 and mMax % DIV == 0){
-		//VCHECK(LAYER);
-		//VCHECK(NHLAYER);
-		return reinterpret_cast<std::intptr_t>(mIndPtr);
-	    }
-	    return mExpr.vI();
-	}
-
-	template <size_t VS>
-	auto vec() const
-	{
-	    typedef typename MkVFor<NHLAYER,RangeType::SIZE % DIV == 0 or RangeType::SIZE == static_cast<size_t>(-1)>::
-		template type<VS,IndexClass,decltype(MkVExpr<NHLAYER>::template mk<VS>(mExpr)),FT> oType;
-	    return oType(mIndPtr,mStep,MkVExpr<NHLAYER>::template mk<VS>(mExpr));
-	}
-
 	inline void operator()(size_t mlast, DExt last) override final;
 	inline void operator()(size_t mlast, ExtType last) ;
 	inline void operator()(size_t mlast = 0) override final;
 
-        PFor<IndexClass,Expr,DIV> parallel() const;
+        PFor<IndexClass,Expr> parallel() const;
         
         DExt dRootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum = 0) const override final;
         DExt dExtension() const override final;
@@ -367,93 +200,12 @@ namespace CNORXZInternal
 
     };
 
-   
-    template <class IndexClass, class Expr, size_t DIV>
-    class PFor : public ExpressionBase
-    {
-    private:
-	PFor() = default;
-		
-	typedef typename IndexClass::RangeType RangeType;
-	const IndexClass* mIndPtr;
-	size_t mSPos;
-	size_t mMax;
-	size_t mStep;
-
-	Expr mExpr;
-	typedef decltype(mExpr.rootSteps()) ExtType;
-	ExtType mExt;
-
-        mutable ExtType mRootSteps;
-        
-    public:
-	typedef ExpressionBase EB;
-	
-	static constexpr size_t LAYER = Expr::LAYER + 1;
-	static constexpr size_t SIZE = Expr::SIZE;
-	static constexpr size_t MAX = RangeType::SIZE / DIV;
-	static constexpr size_t NHLAYER = Expr::NHLAYER + 1;
-
-	PFor(const PFor& in) = default;
-	PFor& operator=(const PFor& in) = default;
-	PFor(PFor&& in) = default;
-	PFor& operator=(PFor&& in) = default;
-
-	PFor(const std::shared_ptr<IndexClass>& indPtr,
-	    size_t step, Expr expr);
-
-	PFor(const IndexClass* indPtr,
-	    size_t step, Expr expr);
-
-	//virtual size_t divResid() const override final { return mMax % DIV + MkVExpr<LAYER>::divResid(mExpr); }
-	virtual std::intptr_t vI() const override final
-	{
-	    if(mStep == 1 and NHLAYER == 1 and mMax % DIV == 0){
-	    //if(mStep == 1 and mMax % DIV == 0){
-		//VCHECK(LAYER);
-		//VCHECK(LAYER);
-		return reinterpret_cast<std::intptr_t>(mIndPtr);
-	    }
-	    return mExpr.vI();
-	}
-
-	template <size_t VS>
-	auto vec() const
-	{
-	    typedef typename MkVFor<NHLAYER,RangeType::SIZE % DIV == 0 or RangeType::SIZE == static_cast<size_t>(-1)>::
-		template ptype<VS,IndexClass,decltype(MkVExpr<NHLAYER>::template mk<VS>(mExpr))> oType;
-	    return oType(mIndPtr,mStep,MkVExpr<NHLAYER>::template mk<VS>(mExpr));
-	}
-
-	virtual std::shared_ptr<ExpressionBase> deepCopy() const override final
-	{
-	    return std::make_shared<PFor<IndexClass,Expr>>(*this);
-	}
-
-	inline void operator()(size_t mlast, DExt last) override final;
-	inline void operator()(size_t mlast, ExtType last) ;
-	inline void operator()(size_t mlast = 0) override final;
-
-        DExt dRootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum = 0) const override final;
-        DExt dExtension() const override final;
-
-        auto rootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum = 0) const -> ExtType;
-	auto extension() const -> ExtType;
-
-    };
-
-    template <size_t N>
-    inline size_t exceptMax(size_t max) { return max; }
-
-    template <>
-    inline size_t exceptMax<1>(size_t max) { return 1; }
-
     class DynamicExpression : public ExpressionBase
     {
     private:
 
 	size_t mThreadId = 0;
-	std::shared_ptr<ExpressionBase> mNext;
+	Sptr<ExpressionBase> mNext;
 
 	DynamicExpression() : mThreadId(omp_get_thread_num()) {}
     public:
@@ -486,7 +238,7 @@ namespace CNORXZInternal
 	    return *this;
 	}
 	
-	DynamicExpression(const std::shared_ptr<ExpressionBase>& next) :
+	DynamicExpression(const Sptr<ExpressionBase>& next) :
 	    mNext(next)
 	{}
 
@@ -498,14 +250,11 @@ namespace CNORXZInternal
         template <class Expr>
         DynamicExpression(Expr ex) : mNext( std::make_shared<Expr>(ex) ) {}
         
-	virtual std::shared_ptr<ExpressionBase> deepCopy() const override final
+	virtual Sptr<ExpressionBase> deepCopy() const override final
 	{
 	    return std::make_shared<DynamicExpression>(*this);
 	}
 
-	template <size_t VS>
-	inline auto vec() const { return *this; }
-
 	inline void operator()(size_t mlast, DExt last) override final;
         inline void operator()(size_t mlast, DExtT last) { (*this)(mlast,last.get()); }
 	inline void operator()(size_t mlast = 0) override final;
@@ -518,51 +267,7 @@ namespace CNORXZInternal
 
     };
 
-
-    template <class Expr>
-    class ExpressionHolder : public ExpressionBase
-    {
-    private:
-	ExpressionHolder() = default;
-	
-        DynamicExpression mExpr;
-	typedef decltype(std::declval<Expr>().rootSteps()) ExtType;
-	ExtType mExt;
-
-        mutable ExtType mRootSteps;
-
-    public:
-	typedef ExpressionBase EB;
-	
-	static constexpr size_t LAYER = Expr::LAYER + 1;
-	static constexpr size_t SIZE = Expr::SIZE;
-	static constexpr size_t NHLAYER = Expr::NHLAYER + 1;
-
-	ExpressionHolder(const ExpressionHolder& in) = default;
-	ExpressionHolder(ExpressionHolder&& in) = default;
-	ExpressionHolder& operator=(const ExpressionHolder& in) = default;
-	ExpressionHolder& operator=(ExpressionHolder&& in) = default;
-
-	ExpressionHolder(DynamicExpression expr);
-	
-	virtual std::shared_ptr<ExpressionBase> deepCopy() const override final
-	{
-	    return std::make_shared<ExpressionHolder<Expr>>(*this);
-	}
-
-	inline void operator()(size_t mlast, DExt last) override final;
-	inline void operator()(size_t mlast, ExtType last) ;
-	inline void operator()(size_t mlast = 0) override final;
-
-        DExt dRootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum = 0) const override final;
-        DExt dExtension() const override final;
-
-        auto rootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum = 0) const -> ExtType;
-	auto extension() const -> ExtType;
-
-    };
-
-} // namespace CNORXZInternal
+} 
 
 /* ========================= *
  * ---   TEMPLATE CODE   --- *
@@ -583,7 +288,7 @@ namespace CNORXZInternal
      *****************/
     
     template <class IndexClass, class Expr, ForType FT, size_t DIV>
-    For<IndexClass,Expr,FT,DIV>::For(const std::shared_ptr<IndexClass>& indPtr,
+    For<IndexClass,Expr,FT,DIV>::For(const Sptr<IndexClass>& indPtr,
 				 size_t step, Expr expr) :
 	mIndPtr(indPtr.get()), mSPos(mIndPtr->pos()), mMax(mIndPtr->max()), mStep(step),
         mExpr(expr), mExt(mExpr.rootSteps( reinterpret_cast<std::intptr_t>( mIndPtr )))
@@ -680,7 +385,7 @@ namespace CNORXZInternal
      ******************/
     
     template <class IndexClass, class Expr, size_t DIV>
-    PFor<IndexClass,Expr,DIV>::PFor(const std::shared_ptr<IndexClass>& indPtr,
+    PFor<IndexClass,Expr,DIV>::PFor(const Sptr<IndexClass>& indPtr,
 				 size_t step, Expr expr) :
 	mIndPtr(indPtr.get()), mSPos(mIndPtr->pos()), mMax(mIndPtr->max()), mStep(step),
         mExpr(expr), mExt(mExpr.rootSteps( reinterpret_cast<std::intptr_t>( mIndPtr )))
@@ -786,7 +491,7 @@ namespace CNORXZInternal
      ************************/
     
     template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
-    SingleExpression<IndexClass,Expr>::SingleExpression(const std::shared_ptr<IndexClass>& indPtr,
+    SingleExpression<IndexClass,Expr>::SingleExpression(const Sptr<IndexClass>& indPtr,
 							Expr expr) :
 	mIndPtr(indPtr.get()), mSPos(mIndPtr->pos()), mMax(mIndPtr->max()),
         mExpr(expr), mExt(mExpr.rootSteps( reinterpret_cast<std::intptr_t>( mIndPtr )))
@@ -873,7 +578,7 @@ namespace CNORXZInternal
      ****************/
 
     template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
-    SubExpr<IndexClass,Expr>::SubExpr(const std::shared_ptr<IndexClass>& indPtr,
+    SubExpr<IndexClass,Expr>::SubExpr(const Sptr<IndexClass>& indPtr,
 				      std::intptr_t siptr,
                                       const vector<size_t>* subset, Expr expr) :
 	mIndPtr(indPtr.get()), mSIPtr(siptr), mSPos(mIndPtr->pos()), mMax(mIndPtr->max()),
diff --git a/src/include/runtime/COMMENT b/src/include/runtime/COMMENT
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a892d20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/runtime/COMMENT
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pre-compiled stuff e.g. for python wrappers
diff --git a/src/lib/runtime/COMMENT b/src/lib/runtime/COMMENT
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a892d20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/runtime/COMMENT
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pre-compiled stuff e.g. for python wrappers
diff --git a/src/opt/python/COMMENT b/src/opt/python/COMMENT
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8874687
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/opt/python/COMMENT
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+coming soon: python wrappers