diff --git a/src/base_def.h b/src/base_def.h
index c84f2d5..327f4df 100644
--- a/src/base_def.h
+++ b/src/base_def.h
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ namespace MultiArrayTools
      ***********************/
     
     // range_base.h
-    enum class RangeType;
+    enum class SpaceType;
 
     // range_base.h
     class RangeFactoryBase;
@@ -76,15 +76,15 @@ namespace MultiArrayTools
     class IndexInterface;
 
     // single_range.h    
-    template <typename U, RangeType TYPE>
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
     class SingleRange;
 
     // single_range.h    
-    template <typename U, RangeType TYPE>
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
     class SingleRangeFactory;
 
     // single_range.h
-    template <typename U, RangeType TYPE>
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
     class SingleIndex;
     
     // multi_range.h
diff --git a/src/index_unit_test.cc b/src/index_unit_test.cc
index db3fb71..a4c325d 100644
--- a/src/index_unit_test.cc
+++ b/src/index_unit_test.cc
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ namespace {
     {
     protected:
 
-	typedef SingleRangeFactory<char,RangeType::ANY> SRF;
+	typedef SingleRangeFactory<char,SpaceType::ANY> SRF;
 	typedef SRF::oType SRange;
 
 	typedef MultiRangeFactory<SRange,SRange,SRange> M3RF;
diff --git a/src/ma_unit_test.cc b/src/ma_unit_test.cc
index 127b524..52cb8ae 100644
--- a/src/ma_unit_test.cc
+++ b/src/ma_unit_test.cc
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ namespace {
     {
     protected:
 
-	typedef SingleRangeFactory<char,RangeType::ANY> SRF;
+	typedef SingleRangeFactory<char,SpaceType::ANY> SRF;
 	typedef SRF::oType SRange;
 
 	MATest_1Dim()
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ namespace {
     {
     protected:
 
-	typedef SingleRangeFactory<char,RangeType::ANY> SRF;
+	typedef SingleRangeFactory<char,SpaceType::ANY> SRF;
 	typedef SRF::oType SRange;
 
 	typedef MultiRangeFactory<SRange,SRange> MRF;
diff --git a/src/multi_range.h b/src/multi_range.h
index eb537ee..34b5afb 100644
--- a/src/multi_range.h
+++ b/src/multi_range.h
@@ -68,119 +68,34 @@ namespace MultiArrayTools
 	// Do NOT share index instances between two or more MultiIndex instances
 	MultiIndex& operator()(std::shared_ptr<Indices>&... indices);
 
-	std::shared_ptr<RangeType> range() const { return std::dynamic_pointer_cast<RangeType>( IB::mRangePtr ); }
-
 	// ==== >>>>> STATIC POLYMORPHISM <<<<< ====
 	
-	IndexType type() { return IndexType::MULTI; }
+	IndexType type();
 
-	MultiIndex& operator=(size_t pos)
-	{
-	    IB::mPos = pos;
-	    PackNum<sizeof...(Indices)-1>::setIndexPack(mIPack, pos);
-	    return *this;
-	}
+	MultiIndex& operator=(size_t pos);
 
-	MultiIndex& operator++()
-	{
-	    PackNum<sizeof...(Indices)-1>::pp( mIPack );
-	    ++IB::mPos;
-	    return *this;
-	}
+	MultiIndex& operator++();
+	MultiIndex& operator--();
 
-	MultiIndex& operator--()
-	{
-	    PackNum<sizeof...(Indices)-1>::mm( mIPack );
-	    --IB::mPos;
-	    return *this;
-	}
+	int pp(std::intptr_t idxPtrNum);
+	int mm(std::intptr_t idxPtrNum);
 
-	int pp(std::intptr_t idxPtrNum)
-	{
-	    int tmp = PackNum<sizeof...(Indices)-1>::pp(mIPack, mBlockSizes, idxPtrNum);
-	    IB::mPos += tmp;
-	    return tmp;
-	}
-
-	int mm(std::intptr_t idxPtrNum)
-	{
-	    int tmp = PackNum<sizeof...(Indices)-1>::mm(mIPack, mBlockSizes, idxPtrNum);
-	    IB::mPos -= tmp;
-	    return tmp;
-	}
-
-	MetaType meta()
-	{
-	    MetaType metaTuple;
-	    PackNum<sizeof...(Indices)-1>::getMetaPos(metaTuple, mIPack);
-	    return metaTuple;
-	}
-
-	MultiIndex& at(const MetaType& metaPos)
-	{
-	    PackNum<sizeof...(Indices)-1>::setMeta(mIPack, metaPos);
-	    IB::mPos = PackNum<sizeof...(Indices)-1>::makePos(mIPack);
-	    return *this;
-	}
+	MetaType meta();
+	MultiIndex& at(const MetaType& metaPos);
 	
-	size_t dim()
-	{
-	    return sizeof...(Indices);
-	}
-
-	bool first()
-	{
-	    return IB::mPos == 0;
-	}
-
-	bool last()
-	{
-	    return IB::mPos == IB::mMax - 1;
-	}
-
-	std::shared_ptr<RangeType> range()
-	{
-	    return std::dynamic_pointer_cast<RangeType>( IB::mRangePtr );
-	}
+	size_t dim();
+	bool first();
+	bool last();
+	std::shared_ptr<RangeType> range();
 
 	template <size_t N>
-	auto getPtr() -> decltype( std::get<N>( mIPack ) )&
-	{
-	    return std::get<N>(mIPack);
-	}
+	auto getPtr() -> decltype( std::get<N>( mIPack ) )&;
 	
-	//const IndexBase& get(size_t n);
-	std::shared_ptr<VIWB> getVPtr(size_t n)
-	{
-	    if(n >= sizeof...(Indices)){
-		assert(0);
-		// throw !!
-	    }
-	    MultiIndex<Indices...> const* t = this;
-	    return PackNum<sizeof...(Indices)-1>::getIndexPtr(*t, n);
-	}
-	
-	size_t getStepSize(size_t n)
-	{
-	    if(n >= sizeof...(Indices)){
-		assert(0);
-		// throw !!
-	    }
-	    return mBlockSizes[n+1];
-	}
+	std::shared_ptr<VIWB> getVPtr(size_t n);
+	size_t getStepSize(size_t n);
 
-	std::string id() { return std::string("mul") + std::to_string(IB::mId); }
-
-	void print(size_t offset)
-	{
-	    if(offset == 0){
-		std::cout << " === " << std::endl;
-	    }
-	    for(size_t j = 0; j != offset; ++j) { std::cout << "\t"; }
-	    std::cout << id() << "[" << reinterpret_cast<std::intptr_t>(this)
-		      << "]" << "(" << IB::mRangePtr << "): " << meta() << std::endl;
-	    PackNum<sizeof...(Indices)-1>::printIndex(mIPack, offset+1);
-	}
+	std::string id();
+	void print(size_t offset);
     };
 
     /*************************
@@ -345,6 +260,140 @@ namespace MultiArrayTools
 	PackNum<sizeof...(Indices)-1>::setIndexPack(mIPack, IB::mPos);
 	return *this;
     }
+
+    template <class... Indices>
+    IndexType MultiIndex<Indices...>::type()
+    {
+	return IndexType::MULTI;
+    }
+
+    template <class... Indices>
+    MultiIndex<Indices...>& MultiIndex<Indices...>::operator=(size_t pos)
+    {
+	IB::mPos = pos;
+	PackNum<sizeof...(Indices)-1>::setIndexPack(mIPack, pos);
+	return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <class... Indices>
+    MultiIndex<Indices...>& MultiIndex<Indices...>::operator++()
+    {
+	PackNum<sizeof...(Indices)-1>::pp( mIPack );
+	++IB::mPos;
+	return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <class... Indices>
+    MultiIndex<Indices...>& MultiIndex<Indices...>::operator--()
+    {
+	PackNum<sizeof...(Indices)-1>::mm( mIPack );
+	--IB::mPos;
+	return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <class... Indices>
+    int MultiIndex<Indices...>::pp(std::intptr_t idxPtrNum)
+    {
+	int tmp = PackNum<sizeof...(Indices)-1>::pp(mIPack, mBlockSizes, idxPtrNum);
+	IB::mPos += tmp;
+	return tmp;
+    }
+
+    template <class... Indices>
+    int MultiIndex<Indices...>::mm(std::intptr_t idxPtrNum)
+    {
+	int tmp = PackNum<sizeof...(Indices)-1>::mm(mIPack, mBlockSizes, idxPtrNum);
+	IB::mPos -= tmp;
+	return tmp;
+    }
+
+    template <class... Indices>
+    typename MultiIndex<Indices...>::MetaType MultiIndex<Indices...>::meta()
+    {
+	MetaType metaTuple;
+	PackNum<sizeof...(Indices)-1>::getMetaPos(metaTuple, mIPack);
+	return metaTuple;
+    }
+
+    template <class... Indices>
+    MultiIndex<Indices...>& MultiIndex<Indices...>::at(const MetaType& metaPos)
+    {
+	PackNum<sizeof...(Indices)-1>::setMeta(mIPack, metaPos);
+	IB::mPos = PackNum<sizeof...(Indices)-1>::makePos(mIPack);
+	return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <class... Indices>
+    size_t MultiIndex<Indices...>::dim()
+    {
+	return sizeof...(Indices);
+    }
+
+    template <class... Indices>
+    bool MultiIndex<Indices...>::first()
+    {
+	return IB::mPos == 0;
+    }
+
+    template <class... Indices>
+    bool MultiIndex<Indices...>::last()
+    {
+	return IB::mPos == IB::mMax - 1;
+    }
+
+    template <class... Indices>
+    std::shared_ptr<typename MultiIndex<Indices...>::RangeType>
+    MultiIndex<Indices...>::range()
+    {
+	return std::dynamic_pointer_cast<RangeType>( IB::mRangePtr );
+    }
+
+    template <class... Indices>
+    template <size_t N>
+    auto MultiIndex<Indices...>::getPtr() -> decltype( std::get<N>( mIPack ) )&
+    {
+	return std::get<N>(mIPack);
+    }
+	
+    template <class... Indices>
+    std::shared_ptr<VIWB> MultiIndex<Indices...>::getVPtr(size_t n)
+    {
+	if(n >= sizeof...(Indices)){
+	    assert(0);
+	    // throw !!
+	}
+	MultiIndex<Indices...> const* t = this;
+	return PackNum<sizeof...(Indices)-1>::getIndexPtr(*t, n);
+    }
+    
+    template <class... Indices>	
+    size_t MultiIndex<Indices...>::getStepSize(size_t n)
+    {
+	if(n >= sizeof...(Indices)){
+	    assert(0);
+	    // throw !!
+	}
+	return mBlockSizes[n+1];
+    }
+
+    template <class... Indices>
+    std::string MultiIndex<Indices...>::id()
+    {
+	return std::string("mul") + std::to_string(IB::mId);
+    }
+
+    template <class... Indices>
+    void MultiIndex<Indices...>::print(size_t offset)
+    {
+	if(offset == 0){
+	    std::cout << " === " << std::endl;
+	}
+	for(size_t j = 0; j != offset; ++j) { std::cout << "\t"; }
+	std::cout << id() << "[" << reinterpret_cast<std::intptr_t>(this)
+		  << "]" << "(" << IB::mRangePtr << "): " << meta() << std::endl;
+	PackNum<sizeof...(Indices)-1>::printIndex(mIPack, offset+1);
+    }
+
     
     /*************************
      *   MultiRangeFactory   *
diff --git a/src/op_unit_test.cc b/src/op_unit_test.cc
index 67de8db..83b6e04 100644
--- a/src/op_unit_test.cc
+++ b/src/op_unit_test.cc
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ namespace {
     {
     protected:
 
-	typedef SingleRangeFactory<char,RangeType::ANY> SRF;
+	typedef SingleRangeFactory<char,SpaceType::ANY> SRF;
 	typedef SRF::oType SRange;
 
 	OpTest_1Dim()
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ namespace {
     {
     protected:
 
-	typedef SingleRangeFactory<char,RangeType::ANY> SRF;
+	typedef SingleRangeFactory<char,SpaceType::ANY> SRF;
 	typedef SRF::oType SRange;
 
 	typedef MultiRangeFactory<SRange,SRange> MRF;
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ namespace {
     {
     protected:
 
-	typedef SingleRangeFactory<size_t,RangeType::ANY> SRF;
+	typedef SingleRangeFactory<size_t,SpaceType::ANY> SRF;
 	typedef SRF::oType SRange;
 
 	typedef MultiRangeFactory<SRange,SRange> MRF;
diff --git a/src/range_base.h b/src/range_base.h
index 2c564a6..364799d 100644
--- a/src/range_base.h
+++ b/src/range_base.h
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 namespace MultiArrayTools
 {
     
-    enum class RangeType
+    enum class SpaceType
     {
 	NONE = 0,
 	ANY = 1,
diff --git a/src/range_types/spin_range.h b/src/range_types/spin_range.h
index 73c990d..54ae06d 100644
--- a/src/range_types/spin_range.h
+++ b/src/range_types/spin_range.h
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ include_range_type(SPIN,2)
 
 namespace MultiArrayTools
 {
-    typedef SingleIndex<size_t,RangeType::SPIN> SpinIndex;
+    typedef SingleIndex<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN> SpinIndex;
 
     template <>
-    class SingleRangeFactory<size_t,RangeType::SPIN> : public RangeFactoryBase
+    class SingleRangeFactory<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN> : public RangeFactoryBase
     {
     public:
 	
-	typedef SingleRange<size_t,RangeType::SPIN> oType;
+	typedef SingleRange<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN> oType;
 
 	SingleRangeFactory();
 	std::shared_ptr<RangeBase> create();
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ namespace MultiArrayTools
     };
 
     template <>
-    class SingleRange<size_t,RangeType::SPIN> : public RangeInterface<SpinIndex>
+    class SingleRange<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN> : public RangeInterface<SpinIndex>
     {
     public:
 	typedef RangeBase RB;
-	typedef typename RangeInterface<SingleIndex<size_t,RangeType::SPIN> >::IndexType IndexType;
+	typedef typename RangeInterface<SingleIndex<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN> >::IndexType IndexType;
 	
 	virtual size_t size() const override;
 	virtual size_t dim() const override;
@@ -43,13 +43,13 @@ namespace MultiArrayTools
 	virtual IndexType end() const override;
 	virtual std::shared_ptr<VIWB> index() const override;
 	
-	friend SingleRangeFactory<size_t,RangeType::SPIN>;
+	friend SingleRangeFactory<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN>;
 
 	static const bool defaultable = true;
 	static const size_t mSpinNum = 4;
 	
-	static SingleRangeFactory<size_t, RangeType::SPIN> factory()
-	{ return SingleRangeFactory<size_t, RangeType::SPIN>(); }
+	static SingleRangeFactory<size_t, SpaceType::SPIN> factory()
+	{ return SingleRangeFactory<size_t, SpaceType::SPIN>(); }
 	
     protected:
 
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ namespace MultiArrayTools
 	//SingleRange(size_t spinNum);
     };
 
-    typedef SingleRange<size_t,RangeType::SPIN> SpinRange;
-    typedef SingleRangeFactory<size_t,RangeType::SPIN> SpinRF;
+    typedef SingleRange<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN> SpinRange;
+    typedef SingleRangeFactory<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN> SpinRF;
 }
 
 /* ========================= *
@@ -73,16 +73,16 @@ namespace MultiArrayTools
      *   SingleRange    *
      ********************/
     
-    SingleRangeFactory<size_t,RangeType::SPIN>::SingleRangeFactory()
+    SingleRangeFactory<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN>::SingleRangeFactory()
     {
 	// Quasi Singleton
 	if(not mProd){
-	    mProd = std::shared_ptr<oType>( new SingleRange<size_t,RangeType::SPIN>() );
+	    mProd = std::shared_ptr<oType>( new SingleRange<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN>() );
 	    setSelf();
 	}
     }
 
-    std::shared_ptr<RangeBase> SingleRangeFactory<size_t,RangeType::SPIN>::create()
+    std::shared_ptr<RangeBase> SingleRangeFactory<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN>::create()
     {
 	return mProd;
     }
@@ -91,49 +91,49 @@ namespace MultiArrayTools
      *   SingleRange    *
      ********************/
     
-    size_t SingleRange<size_t,RangeType::SPIN>::get(size_t pos) const
+    size_t SingleRange<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN>::get(size_t pos) const
     {
 	return pos;
     }
     
-    size_t SingleRange<size_t,RangeType::SPIN>::getMeta(size_t metaPos) const
+    size_t SingleRange<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN>::getMeta(size_t metaPos) const
     {
 	return metaPos;
     }
     
-    size_t SingleRange<size_t,RangeType::SPIN>::size() const
+    size_t SingleRange<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN>::size() const
     {
 	return mSpinNum;
     }
     
-    size_t SingleRange<size_t,RangeType::SPIN>::dim() const
+    size_t SingleRange<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN>::dim() const
     {
 	return 1;
     }
     
-    typename SingleRange<size_t,RangeType::SPIN>::IndexType SingleRange<size_t,RangeType::SPIN>::begin() const
+    typename SingleRange<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN>::IndexType SingleRange<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN>::begin() const
     {
-	SingleIndex<size_t,RangeType::SPIN> i( std::dynamic_pointer_cast<SingleRange<size_t,RangeType::SPIN> >
+	SingleIndex<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN> i( std::dynamic_pointer_cast<SingleRange<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN> >
 			       ( std::shared_ptr<RangeBase>( RB::mThis ) ) );
 	i = 0;
 	return i;
     }
     
-    typename SingleRange<size_t,RangeType::SPIN>::IndexType SingleRange<size_t,RangeType::SPIN>::end() const
+    typename SingleRange<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN>::IndexType SingleRange<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN>::end() const
     {
-	SingleIndex<size_t,RangeType::SPIN> i( std::dynamic_pointer_cast<SingleRange<size_t,RangeType::SPIN> >
+	SingleIndex<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN> i( std::dynamic_pointer_cast<SingleRange<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN> >
 			       ( std::shared_ptr<RangeBase>( RB::mThis ) ) );
 	i = size();
 	return i;
     }
 
     // put this in the interface class !!!
-    std::shared_ptr<VIWB> SingleRange<size_t,RangeType::SPIN>::index() const
+    std::shared_ptr<VIWB> SingleRange<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN>::index() const
     {
 	typedef IndexWrapper<IndexType> IW;
 	return std::make_shared<IW>
             ( std::make_shared<IndexType>
-	      ( std::dynamic_pointer_cast<SingleRange<size_t,RangeType::SPIN> >
+	      ( std::dynamic_pointer_cast<SingleRange<size_t,SpaceType::SPIN> >
 		( std::shared_ptr<RangeBase>( RB::mThis ) ) ) );
     }
 
diff --git a/src/single_range.h b/src/single_range.h
index 38e961a..fd3e67d 100644
--- a/src/single_range.h
+++ b/src/single_range.h
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 namespace MultiArrayTools
 {
 
-    template <typename U, RangeType TYPE>
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
     class SingleIndex : public IndexInterface<SingleIndex<U,TYPE>,U>
     {
     public:
@@ -27,103 +27,37 @@ namespace MultiArrayTools
 	
 	SingleIndex(const std::shared_ptr<SingleRange<U,TYPE> >& range);
 
-	std::shared_ptr<RangeType> range() const { return std::dynamic_pointer_cast<RangeType>( IB::mRangePtr ); }
-
 	// ==== >>>>> STATIC POLYMORPHISM <<<<< ====
 	
-	IndexType type()
-	{
-	    return IndexType::SINGLE;
-	}
+	IndexType type();
 	
-	SingleIndex& operator=(size_t pos)
-	{
-	    IB::mPos = pos;
-	    return *this;
-	}
+	SingleIndex& operator=(size_t pos);
+	SingleIndex& operator++();
+	SingleIndex& operator--();
 
-	SingleIndex& operator++()
-	{
-	    ++IB::mPos;
-	    return *this;
-	}
-
-	SingleIndex& operator--()
-	{
-	    --IB::mPos;
-	    return *this;
-	}
-
-	int pp(std::intptr_t idxPtrNum)
-	{
-	    ++(*this);
-	    return 1;
-	}
-
-	int mm(std::intptr_t idxPtrNum)
-	{
-	    --(*this);
-	    return 1;
-	}
+	int pp(std::intptr_t idxPtrNum);
+	int mm(std::intptr_t idxPtrNum);
 	
-	U meta()
-	{
-	    return std::dynamic_pointer_cast<SingleRange<U,TYPE> const>( IB::mRangePtr )->get( IB::pos() );
-	}
-
-	SingleIndex& at(const U& metaPos)
-	{
-	    (*this) = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<SingleRange<U,TYPE> const>( IB::mRangePtr )->getMeta( metaPos );
-	    return *this;
-	}
+	U meta();
+	SingleIndex& at(const U& metaPos);
 	
-	size_t dim() // = 1
-	{
-	    return 1;
-	}
+	size_t dim(); // = 1
+	bool last();
+	bool first();
 
-	bool last()
-	{
-	    return IB::mPos == IB::mMax - 1;
-	}
-
-	bool first()
-	{
-	    return IB::mPos == 0;
-	}
-
-	std::shared_ptr<RangeType> range()
-	{
-	    return std::dynamic_pointer_cast<RangeType>( IB::mRangePtr );
-	}
+	std::shared_ptr<RangeType> range();
 	
 	template <size_t N>
-	void getPtr() {}
+	void getPtr();
 
-	std::shared_ptr<VIWB> getVPtr(size_t n)
-	{
-	    return std::shared_ptr<VIWB>();
-	}
+	std::shared_ptr<VIWB> getVPtr(size_t n);
+	size_t getStepSize(size_t n);
 	
-	size_t getStepSize(size_t n)
-	{
-	    return 1;
-	}
-	
-	std::string id() { return std::string("sin") + std::to_string(IB::mId); }
-
-	void print(size_t offset)
-	{
-	    if(offset == 0){
-		std::cout << " === " << std::endl;
-	    }
-	    for(size_t j = 0; j != offset; ++j) { std::cout << "\t"; }
-	    std::cout << id() << "[" << reinterpret_cast<std::intptr_t>(this)
-		      << "](" << IB::mRangePtr << "): " << meta() << std::endl;
-	}
+	std::string id();
+	void print(size_t offset);
     };
 
-    template <typename U, RangeType TYPE>
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
     class SingleRangeFactory : public RangeFactoryBase
     {
     public:
@@ -136,7 +70,7 @@ namespace MultiArrayTools
 	
     };
     
-    template <typename U, RangeType TYPE>
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
     class SingleRange : public RangeInterface<SingleIndex<U,TYPE> >
     {
     public:
@@ -180,21 +114,133 @@ namespace MultiArrayTools
      *  SingleIndex   *	     
      ******************/
 
-    template <typename U, RangeType TYPE>
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
     SingleIndex<U,TYPE>::SingleIndex(const std::shared_ptr<SingleRange<U,TYPE> >& range) :
 	IndexInterface<SingleIndex<U,TYPE>,U>(range, 0) {}
+
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
+    IndexType SingleIndex<U,TYPE>::type()
+    {
+	return IndexType::SINGLE;
+    }
+
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
+    SingleIndex<U,TYPE>& SingleIndex<U,TYPE>::operator=(size_t pos)
+    {
+	IB::mPos = pos;
+	return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
+    SingleIndex<U,TYPE>& SingleIndex<U,TYPE>::operator++()
+    {
+	++IB::mPos;
+	return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
+    SingleIndex<U,TYPE>& SingleIndex<U,TYPE>::operator--()
+    {
+	--IB::mPos;
+	return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
+    int SingleIndex<U,TYPE>::pp(std::intptr_t idxPtrNum)
+    {
+	++(*this);
+	return 1;
+    }
+
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
+    int SingleIndex<U,TYPE>::mm(std::intptr_t idxPtrNum)
+    {
+	--(*this);
+	return 1;
+    }
+
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
+    U SingleIndex<U,TYPE>::meta()
+    {
+	return std::dynamic_pointer_cast<SingleRange<U,TYPE> const>( IB::mRangePtr )->get( IB::pos() );
+    }
+
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
+    SingleIndex<U,TYPE>& SingleIndex<U,TYPE>::at(const U& metaPos)
+    {
+	(*this) = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<SingleRange<U,TYPE> const>( IB::mRangePtr )->getMeta( metaPos );
+	return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
+    size_t SingleIndex<U,TYPE>::dim() // = 1
+    {
+	return 1;
+    }
+
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
+    bool SingleIndex<U,TYPE>::last()
+    {
+	return IB::mPos == IB::mMax - 1;
+    }
+
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
+    bool SingleIndex<U,TYPE>::first()
+    {
+	return IB::mPos == 0;
+    }
+
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
+    std::shared_ptr<typename SingleIndex<U,TYPE>::RangeType> SingleIndex<U,TYPE>::range()
+    {
+	return std::dynamic_pointer_cast<RangeType>( IB::mRangePtr );
+    }
+
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
+    template <size_t N>
+    void SingleIndex<U,TYPE>::getPtr() {}
+
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
+    std::shared_ptr<VIWB> SingleIndex<U,TYPE>::getVPtr(size_t n)
+    {
+	return std::shared_ptr<VIWB>();
+    }
+
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
+    size_t SingleIndex<U,TYPE>::getStepSize(size_t n)
+    {
+	return 1;
+    }
+
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
+    std::string SingleIndex<U,TYPE>::id()
+    {
+	return std::string("sin") + std::to_string(IB::mId);
+    }
+
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
+    void SingleIndex<U,TYPE>::print(size_t offset)
+    {
+	if(offset == 0){
+	    std::cout << " === " << std::endl;
+	}
+	for(size_t j = 0; j != offset; ++j) { std::cout << "\t"; }
+	std::cout << id() << "[" << reinterpret_cast<std::intptr_t>(this)
+		  << "](" << IB::mRangePtr << "): " << meta() << std::endl;
+    }
+
     
     /********************
      *   SingleRange    *
      ********************/
 
-    template <typename U, RangeType TYPE>
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
     SingleRangeFactory<U,TYPE>::SingleRangeFactory(const std::vector<U>& space)
     {
 	mProd = std::shared_ptr<oType>( new SingleRange<U,TYPE>( space ) );
     }
 
-    template <typename U, RangeType TYPE>
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
     std::shared_ptr<RangeBase> SingleRangeFactory<U,TYPE>::create()
     {
 	setSelf();
@@ -205,17 +251,17 @@ namespace MultiArrayTools
      *   SingleRange    *
      ********************/
     
-    template <typename U, RangeType TYPE>
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
     SingleRange<U,TYPE>::SingleRange(const std::vector<U>& space) : RangeInterface<SingleIndex<U,TYPE> >(),
 	mSpace(space) {}
     
-    template <typename U, RangeType TYPE>
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
     const U& SingleRange<U,TYPE>::get(size_t pos) const
     {
 	return mSpace[pos];
     }
 
-    template <typename U, RangeType TYPE>
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
     size_t SingleRange<U,TYPE>::getMeta(const U& metaPos) const
     {
 	size_t cnt = 0;
@@ -228,19 +274,19 @@ namespace MultiArrayTools
 	return cnt;
     }
 
-    template <typename U, RangeType TYPE>
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
     size_t SingleRange<U,TYPE>::size() const
     {
 	return mSpace.size();
     }
 
-    template <typename U, RangeType TYPE>
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
     size_t SingleRange<U,TYPE>::dim() const
     {
 	return 1;
     }
 
-    template <typename U, RangeType TYPE>
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
     typename SingleRange<U,TYPE>::IndexType SingleRange<U,TYPE>::begin() const
     {
 	SingleIndex<U,TYPE> i( std::dynamic_pointer_cast<SingleRange<U,TYPE> >
@@ -249,7 +295,7 @@ namespace MultiArrayTools
 	return i;
     }
     
-    template <typename U, RangeType TYPE>
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
     typename SingleRange<U,TYPE>::IndexType SingleRange<U,TYPE>::end() const
     {
 	SingleIndex<U,TYPE> i( std::dynamic_pointer_cast<SingleRange<U,TYPE> >
@@ -259,7 +305,7 @@ namespace MultiArrayTools
     }
 
     // put this in the interface class !!!
-    template <typename U, RangeType TYPE>
+    template <typename U, SpaceType TYPE>
     std::shared_ptr<VIWB> SingleRange<U,TYPE>::index() const
     {
 	typedef IndexWrapper<IndexType> IW;