diff --git a/src/include/array/array_base.cc.h b/src/include/array/array_base.cc.h
index f22864e..4a668a5 100644
--- a/src/include/array/array_base.cc.h
+++ b/src/include/array/array_base.cc.h
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     template <class Index>
     COpRoot<T,Index> CArrayBase<T>::operator()(const Sptr<Index>& i) const
     {
-	this->checkFormatCompatibility(toVec(i->deepFormat()));
+	//this->checkFormatCompatibility(toVec(i->deepFormat()));
 	return coproot(*this, i);
     }
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     inline decltype(auto) CArrayBase<T>::operator()(const SPack<Indices...>& pack) const
     {
 	auto i = mindexPtr(pack);
-	this->checkFormatCompatibility(toVec(i->deepFormat()));
+	//this->checkFormatCompatibility(toVec(i->deepFormat()));
 	return coproot(*this, i);
     }
 
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     inline decltype(auto) CArrayBase<T>::operator()(const DPack& pack) const
     {
 	auto i = yindexPtr(pack);
-	this->checkFormatCompatibility(toVec(i->deepFormat()));
+	//this->checkFormatCompatibility(toVec(i->deepFormat()));
 	return coproot(*this, i);
     }
 
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     template <class Index>
     OpRoot<T,Index> ArrayBase<T>::operator()(const Sptr<Index>& i)
     {
-	this->checkFormatCompatibility(toVec(i->deepFormat()));
+	//this->checkFormatCompatibility(toVec(i->deepFormat()));
 	return oproot(*this, i);
     }
 
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     inline decltype(auto) ArrayBase<T>::operator()(const SPack<Indices...>& pack)
     {
 	auto i = mindexPtr(pack);
-	this->checkFormatCompatibility(toVec(i->deepFormat()));
+	//this->checkFormatCompatibility(toVec(i->deepFormat()));
 	return oproot(*this, i);
     }
 
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     inline decltype(auto) ArrayBase<T>::operator()(const DPack& pack)
     {
 	auto i = yindexPtr(pack);
-	this->checkFormatCompatibility(toVec(i->deepFormat()));
+	//this->checkFormatCompatibility(toVec(i->deepFormat()));
 	return oproot(*this, i);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/crange.cc.h b/src/include/ranges/crange.cc.h
index 387e832..ed8c0d3 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/crange.cc.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/crange.cc.h
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	    return UPos(id == this->id() ? 1 : 0);
 	}
     }
-
+    /*
     template <class Index>
     decltype(auto) CIndex::formatFrom(const Index& ind) const
     {
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	}
 	return std::make_shared<CIndex>(*this);
     }
-
+    */
     template <class Xpr, class F>
     decltype(auto) CIndex::ifor(const Xpr& xpr, F&& f) const
     {
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/crange.h b/src/include/ranges/crange.h
index 6c344c0..2eaab0e 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/crange.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/crange.h
@@ -47,14 +47,14 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	CIndex& at(const SizeT& metaPos);
 	COpRoot<SizeT,CIndex> xpr(const Sptr<CIndex>& _this) const;
 
-	SizeT deepFormat() const { return 1; }
-	
+	SizeT deepFormat() const;
+	/*
 	template <class Index>
 	decltype(auto) formatFrom(const Index& ind) const;
 
 	template <class Index>
 	decltype(auto) slice(const Sptr<Index>& ind) const;
-
+	*/
 	template <class Xpr, class F = NoF>
 	decltype(auto) ifor(const Xpr& xpr, F&& f) const;
 
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/dindex.h b/src/include/ranges/dindex.h
index 54ead2f..560ca50 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/dindex.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/dindex.h
@@ -54,8 +54,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	DType meta() const;
 	DIndex& at(const DType& meta);
 	DXpr<SizeT> xpr(const Sptr<DIndex>& _this) const;
-
-	Vector<SizeT> deepFormat() const { return mI->deepFormat(); }
+	Vector<SizeT> deepFormat() const;
 	
 	DXpr<SizeT> ifor(const DXpr<SizeT>& xpr, std::function<SizeT(SizeT,SizeT)>&& f) const;
 
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/index_base.h b/src/include/ranges/index_base.h
index 5a3753b..7e280b2 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/index_base.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/index_base.h
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	decltype(auto) meta() const { return THIS().meta(); }
 	I& at(const MetaType& meta) { return THIS().at(meta); }
 	decltype(auto) xpr(const Sptr<I>& _this) const { return THIS().xpr(_this); }
-
+	/*
 	template <class Index>
 	decltype(auto) formatTo(const Sptr<Index>& ind) const { return ind->formatFrom(THIS()); }
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	decltype(auto) formatFrom(const Index& ind) const // yes this is const,
 	// changes only MIndex/YIndex format, in this case we can just copy the pointers to the sub-index instances
 	{ return THIS().formatFrom(ind); }
-
+	*/
 	decltype(auto) deepFormat() const { return THIS().deepFormat(); }
 	
 	//template <class Index>
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/mrange.cc.h b/src/include/ranges/mrange.cc.h
index 42ae67e..e34a560 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/mrange.cc.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/mrange.cc.h
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	    ( [&](auto i) { return mIPack[i]->stepSize(id) * format()[i]; },
 	      [](const auto&... ss) { return ( ss + ... ); });
     }
-
+    /*
     template <class FormatT, class... Indices>
     template <class Index>
     decltype(auto) GMIndex<FormatT,Indices...>::formatFrom(const Index& ind) const
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 		   << " need index of at least the same dimension, got " << ind.dim());
 	return *this;
     }
-
+    */
     template <class FormatT, class... Indices>
     String GMIndex<FormatT,Indices...>::stringMeta() const
     {
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/mrange.h b/src/include/ranges/mrange.h
index 1ec4499..c9a20b6 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/mrange.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/mrange.h
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	template <SizeT I>
 	decltype(auto) stepSize(const IndexId<I>& id) const;
 
-	template <class Index>
-	decltype(auto) formatFrom(const Index& ind) const;
+	//template <class Index>
+	//decltype(auto) formatFrom(const Index& ind) const;
 	
 	String stringMeta() const;
 	MetaType meta() const;
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/srange.cc.h b/src/include/ranges/srange.cc.h
index 60dde3c..d5b1faa 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/srange.cc.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/srange.cc.h
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     {
 	return 1;
     }
-    
+    /*
     template <typename MetaT, SizeT S>
     template <class Index>
     decltype(auto) SIndex<MetaT,S>::formatFrom(const Index& ind) const
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	}
 	return std::make_shared<SIndex<MetaType,S>>(*this);
     }
-
+    */
     template <typename MetaT, SizeT S>
     template <class Xpr, class F>
     decltype(auto) SIndex<MetaT,S>::ifor(const Xpr& xpr, F&& f) const
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/srange.h b/src/include/ranges/srange.h
index 868537c..46feea8 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/srange.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/srange.h
@@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	decltype(auto) xpr(const Sptr<SIndex<MetaType,S>>& _this) const;
 
 	SizeT deepFormat() const;
-	
+	/*
 	template <class Index>
 	decltype(auto) formatFrom(const Index& ind) const;
 
 	template <class Index>
 	decltype(auto) slice(const Sptr<Index>& ind) const;
-
+	*/
 	template <class Xpr, class F>
 	decltype(auto) ifor(const Xpr& xpr, F&& f) const;
 
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/urange.cc.h b/src/include/ranges/urange.cc.h
index ebeeab5..82825c8 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/urange.cc.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/urange.cc.h
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	    return UPos(id == this->id() ? 1 : 0);
 	}
     }
-
+    /*
     template <typename MetaType>
     template <class Index>
     decltype(auto) UIndex<MetaType>::formatFrom(const Index& ind) const
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	}
 	return std::make_shared<UIndex<MetaType>>(*this);
     }
-    
+    */
     template <typename MetaType>
     template <class Xpr, class F>
     decltype(auto) UIndex<MetaType>::ifor(const Xpr& xpr, F&& f) const
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/urange.h b/src/include/ranges/urange.h
index 54a1923..f6ef6f1 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/urange.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/urange.h
@@ -56,13 +56,13 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	decltype(auto) xpr(const Sptr<UIndex<MetaType>>& _this) const;
 
 	SizeT deepFormat() const;
-	
+	/*
 	template <class Index>
 	decltype(auto) formatFrom(const Index& ind) const;
 
 	template <class Index>
 	decltype(auto) slice(const Sptr<Index>& ind) const;
-
+	*/
 	template <class Xpr, class F>
 	decltype(auto) ifor(const Xpr& xpr, F&& f) const;
 
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/yrange.h b/src/include/ranges/yrange.h
index b5da566..f13989c 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/yrange.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/yrange.h
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	Sptr<YRange> range() const;
 	UPos stepSize(const IndexId<0> id) const;
 
-	template <class Index>
-	YIndex formatFrom(const Index& ind) const;
+	//template <class Index>
+	//YIndex formatFrom(const Index& ind) const;
 
 	String stringMeta() const;
 	Vector<DType> meta() const;
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	YIndex& operator()();
 
 	const DPack& pack() const;
-	Vector<SizeT> deepFormat() const { CXZ_ERROR("implement!!!"); return Vector<SizeT> {1}; }
+	Vector<SizeT> deepFormat() const;
 	const YFormat& format() const;
 	const YFormat& lexFormat() const;
 	YIndex& setFormat(const YFormat& bs);
diff --git a/src/lib/ranges/crange.cc b/src/lib/ranges/crange.cc
index 0802b8b..f3acd45 100644
--- a/src/lib/ranges/crange.cc
+++ b/src/lib/ranges/crange.cc
@@ -116,6 +116,10 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	return coproot(m.data(), _this);
     }
     
+    SizeT CIndex::deepFormat() const
+    {
+	return 1;
+    }
     
     /**********************
      *   CRangeFactory    *
diff --git a/src/lib/ranges/dindex.cc b/src/lib/ranges/dindex.cc
index 3c420c1..972042f 100644
--- a/src/lib/ranges/dindex.cc
+++ b/src/lib/ranges/dindex.cc
@@ -167,6 +167,11 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	return mI->xpr(_this->xptr());
     }
 
+    Vector<SizeT> DIndex::deepFormat() const
+    {
+	return mI->deepFormat();
+    }
+    
     DXpr<SizeT> DIndex::ifor(const DXpr<SizeT>& xpr, std::function<SizeT(SizeT,SizeT)>&& f) const
     {
 	return DXpr<SizeT>(mI->ifor(xpr, std::forward<std::function<SizeT(SizeT,SizeT)>>(f)) );
diff --git a/src/lib/ranges/yrange.cc b/src/lib/ranges/yrange.cc
index e7b0e29..b050def 100644
--- a/src/lib/ranges/yrange.cc
+++ b/src/lib/ranges/yrange.cc
@@ -367,6 +367,12 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     {
 	return mIs;
     }
+
+    Vector<SizeT> YIndex::deepFormat() const
+    {
+	CXZ_ERROR("implement!!!");
+	return Vector<SizeT> {1};
+    }
 	
     const YFormat& YIndex::format() const
     {