diff --git a/src/include/base/types.h b/src/include/base/types.h
index 455587d..505fbad 100644
--- a/src/include/base/types.h
+++ b/src/include/base/types.h
@@ -154,6 +154,9 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 
     typedef Sptr<XIndexBase> XIndexPtr;
 
+    // definition: ranges/dindex.h
+    class DIndex;
+    
     // definition: ranges/yrange.h
     class YRange; // dynamic multi range
     
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/dindex.cc.h b/src/include/ranges/dindex.cc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0257b44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/ranges/dindex.cc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+
+#ifndef __cxz_dindex_cc_h__
+#define __cxz_dindex_cc_h__
+
+#include "dindex.h"
+
+namespace CNORXZ
+{
+    template <class Index, typename Meta>
+    DIndex::DIndex(const IndexInterface<Index,Meta>& i) :
+	IndexInterface<DIndex,DType>(i.pos()),
+	mI(std::make_shared<XIndex<Index,Meta>>(i))
+    {}
+
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/dindex.h b/src/include/ranges/dindex.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0312a45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/ranges/dindex.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+
+#ifndef __cxz_dindex_h__
+#define __cxz_dindex_h__
+
+#include "base/base.h"
+#include "range_base.h"
+#include "index_base.h"
+
+namespace CNORXZ
+{
+    class DIndex : public IndexInterface<DIndex,DType>
+    {
+    public:
+	typedef IndexInterface<DIndex,DType> IB;
+
+	DEFAULT_C(DIndex);
+	DIndex(const DIndex& i);
+	DIndex(DIndex&& i);
+	DIndex& operator=(const DIndex& i);
+	DIndex& operator=(DIndex&& i);
+	DIndex(const XIndexPtr& i);
+	
+	template <class Index, typename Meta>
+	DIndex(const IndexInterface<Index,Meta>& i);
+
+	DIndex& operator=(SizeT pos);
+	DIndex& operator++();
+	DIndex& operator--();
+	DIndex operator+(Int n) const;
+	DIndex operator-(Int n) const;
+	DIndex& operator+=(Int n);
+	DIndex& operator-=(Int n);
+
+	DType operator*() const;
+	DType operator->() const;
+
+	Int pp(PtrId idxPtrNum);
+	Int mm(PtrId idxPtrNum);
+
+	SizeT dim() const;
+	RangePtr range() const;
+	SizeT getStepSize(SizeT n) const;
+
+	String stringMeta() const;
+	DType meta() const;
+	DIndex& at(const DType& meta);
+
+	//DExpr ifor(SizeT step, DExpr ex) const;
+	//DExpr iforh(SizeT step, DExpr ex) const;
+
+    private:
+	XIndexPtr mI;
+    };
+    
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/range_base.cc.h b/src/include/ranges/range_base.cc.h
index 1949265..a66abf2 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/range_base.cc.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/range_base.cc.h
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #define __cxz_range_base_cc_h__
 
 #include "range_base.h"
+#include "dindex.h"
 
 namespace CNORXZ
 {
@@ -19,9 +20,9 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     }
 
     template <class Index, typename Meta>
-    XIndexPtr RangeInterface<Index,Meta>::index(SizeT pos) const
+    DIndex RangeInterface<Index,Meta>::index(SizeT pos) const
     {
-	return std::make_shared<XIndex<Index,Meta>>( this->begin()+pos );
+	return XIndexPtr(std::make_shared<XIndex<Index,Meta>>( this->begin()+pos ));
     }
 	
     template <class Range>
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/range_base.h b/src/include/ranges/range_base.h
index 10b5f37..0994070 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/range_base.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/range_base.h
@@ -50,14 +50,14 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	virtual const TypeInfo& type() const = 0;
 	virtual const TypeInfo& metaType() const = 0;
         virtual String stringMeta(SizeT pos) const = 0;
-	virtual XIndexPtr index(SizeT pos = 0) const = 0;
+	virtual DIndex index(SizeT pos = 0) const = 0;
 	
 	bool operator==(const RangeBase& in) const;
 	bool operator!=(const RangeBase& in) const;
 
         PtrId id() const;
-	XIndexPtr begin() const;
-	XIndexPtr end() const;
+	DIndex begin() const;
+	DIndex end() const;
 	RangePtr orig() const;
 	
 	friend RangeFactoryBase;
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ namespace CNORXZ
 	
 	Index begin() const;
 	Index end() const;
-	virtual XIndexPtr index(SizeT pos) const override final;
+	virtual DIndex index(SizeT pos) const override final;
 
     protected:
 	RangeInterface() = default;
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/ranges.cc.h b/src/include/ranges/ranges.cc.h
index a66fe57..606acb6 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/ranges.cc.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/ranges.cc.h
@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@
 #include "xindex.cc.h"
 #include "urange.cc.h"
 #include "crange.cc.h"
+#include "dindex.cc.h"
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/ranges.h b/src/include/ranges/ranges.h
index 271be12..3aa6ea2 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/ranges.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/ranges.h
@@ -8,5 +8,6 @@
 //#include "value_range.h"
 #include "xindex.h"
 #include "yrange.h"
+#include "dindex.h"
 
 #include "ranges.cc.h"
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/xindex.cc.h b/src/include/ranges/xindex.cc.h
index 55c5d9f..75032a5 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/xindex.cc.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/xindex.cc.h
@@ -13,19 +13,28 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     
     template <class Index, typename Meta>
     XIndex<Index,Meta>::XIndex(const IndexPtr<Index,Meta>& i) :
-	XIndexBase(i->pos()),
 	mI(i) {}
 
     template <class Index, typename Meta>
     XIndex<Index,Meta>::XIndex(const IndexInterface<Index,Meta>& i) :
-	XIndexBase(i.pos()),
 	mI(std::make_shared<Index>(i.THIS())) {}
 
+    template <class Index, typename Meta>
+    XIndexPtr XIndex<Index,Meta>::copy() const
+    {
+	return std::make_shared<XIndex<Index,Meta>>(mI->THIS());
+    }
+
+    template <class Index, typename Meta>
+    SizeT XIndex<Index,Meta>::pos() const
+    {
+	return mI->pos();
+    }
+
     template <class Index, typename Meta>
     XIndex<Index,Meta>& XIndex<Index,Meta>::operator=(SizeT pos)
     {
 	*mI = pos;
-	IB::mPos = mI->pos();
 	return *this;
     }
 
@@ -33,7 +42,6 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     XIndex<Index,Meta>& XIndex<Index,Meta>::operator++()
     {
 	++(*mI);
-	IB::mPos = mI->pos();
 	return *this;
     }
 
@@ -41,7 +49,6 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     XIndex<Index,Meta>& XIndex<Index,Meta>::operator--()
     {
 	--(*mI);
-	IB::mPos = mI->pos();
 	return *this;
     }
 
@@ -61,7 +68,6 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     XIndex<Index,Meta>& XIndex<Index,Meta>::operator+=(Int n)
     {
 	(*mI) += n;
-	IB::mPos = mI->pos();
 	return *this;
     }
     
@@ -69,7 +75,6 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     XIndex<Index,Meta>& XIndex<Index,Meta>::operator-=(Int n)
     {
 	(*mI) -= n;
-	IB::mPos = mI->pos();
 	return *this;
     }
 
@@ -89,7 +94,6 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     Int XIndex<Index,Meta>::pp(PtrId idxPtrNum)
     {
 	Int out = mI->pp(idxPtrNum);
-	IB::mPos = mI->pos();
 	return out;
     }
 
@@ -97,7 +101,6 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     Int XIndex<Index,Meta>::mm(PtrId idxPtrNum)
     {
 	Int out = mI->mm(idxPtrNum);
-	IB::mPos = mI->pos();
 	return out;
     }
 
@@ -136,7 +139,6 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     {
 	// check!!!
 	mI->at(std::any_cast<const Meta&>(meta.get()));
-	IB::mPos = mI->pos();
 	return *this;
     }
     /*
diff --git a/src/include/ranges/xindex.h b/src/include/ranges/xindex.h
index 773328c..4325a36 100644
--- a/src/include/ranges/xindex.h
+++ b/src/include/ranges/xindex.h
@@ -9,19 +9,18 @@
 namespace CNORXZ
 {
     // Future IndexWrapper
-    class XIndexBase : public IndexInterface<XIndexBase,DType>
+    class XIndexBase
     {
     public:
-	typedef IndexInterface<XIndexBase,DType> IB;
-	
 	DEFAULT_MEMBERS(XIndexBase);
-	XIndexBase(SizeT pos) : IndexInterface<XIndexBase,DType>(pos) {}
+	virtual XIndexPtr copy() const = 0;
+	virtual SizeT pos() const = 0;
 	
 	virtual XIndexBase& operator=(SizeT pos) = 0;
 	virtual XIndexBase& operator++() = 0;
 	virtual XIndexBase& operator--() = 0;
-	virtual Sptr<XIndexBase> operator+(Int n) const = 0;
-	virtual Sptr<XIndexBase> operator-(Int n) const = 0;
+	virtual XIndexPtr operator+(Int n) const = 0;
+	virtual XIndexPtr operator-(Int n) const = 0;
 	virtual XIndexBase& operator+=(Int n) = 0;
 	virtual XIndexBase& operator-=(Int n) = 0;
 
@@ -52,18 +51,24 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     class XIndex : public XIndexBase
     {
     public:
-	typedef XIndexBase XIB;
-	typedef XIB::IB IB;
-	
-	DEFAULT_MEMBERS(XIndex);
+
+	DEFAULT_C(XIndex);
+	// no default copy/assignment (have to copy objects in shared ptr)
+	XIndex(const XIndex& i);
+	XIndex(XIndex&& i);
+	XIndex& operator=(const XIndex& i);
+	XIndex& operator=(XIndex&& i);
 	XIndex(const IndexPtr<Index,Meta>& i);
 	XIndex(const IndexInterface<Index,Meta>& i);
 
+	virtual XIndexPtr copy() const override final;
+	virtual SizeT pos() const override final;
+
 	virtual XIndex& operator=(SizeT pos) override final;
 	virtual XIndex& operator++() override final;
 	virtual XIndex& operator--() override final;
-	virtual Sptr<XIndexBase> operator+(Int n) const override final;
-	virtual Sptr<XIndexBase> operator-(Int n) const override final;
+	virtual XIndexPtr operator+(Int n) const override final;
+	virtual XIndexPtr operator-(Int n) const override final;
 	virtual XIndex& operator+=(Int n) override final;
 	virtual XIndex& operator-=(Int n) override final;
 
diff --git a/src/lib/CMakeLists.txt b/src/lib/CMakeLists.txt
index 9d8f529..8661091 100644
--- a/src/lib/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/lib/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ set(libcnorxz_a_SOURCES
   ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lib/ranges/range_base.cc
   ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lib/ranges/yrange.cc
   ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lib/ranges/crange.cc
+  ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lib/ranges/dindex.cc
   )
 
 add_library(cnorxz_obj OBJECT
diff --git a/src/lib/ranges/dindex.cc b/src/lib/ranges/dindex.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f091afe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/ranges/dindex.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+
+#include "ranges/ranges.h"
+
+namespace CNORXZ
+{
+    DIndex::DIndex(const DIndex& i) :
+	IndexInterface<DIndex,DType>(i),
+	mI(i.mI->copy())
+    {}
+    
+    DIndex::DIndex(DIndex&& i) :
+	IndexInterface<DIndex,DType>(i),
+	mI(i.mI)
+    {
+	i.mI = nullptr;
+    }
+    
+    DIndex& DIndex::operator=(const DIndex& i)
+    {
+	IndexInterface<DIndex,DType>::operator=(i);
+	mI = i.mI->copy();
+	IB::mPos = mI->pos();
+	return *this;
+    }
+    
+    DIndex& DIndex::operator=(DIndex&& i)
+    {
+	IndexInterface<DIndex,DType>::operator=(i);
+	mI = i.mI;
+	IB::mPos = mI->pos();
+	i.mI = nullptr;
+	return *this;
+    }
+    
+    DIndex::DIndex(const XIndexPtr& i) :
+	IndexInterface<DIndex,DType>(i->pos()),
+	mI(i)
+    {}
+    
+    DIndex& DIndex::operator=(SizeT pos)
+    {
+	*mI = pos;
+	IB::mPos = mI->pos();
+	return *this;
+    }
+    
+    DIndex& DIndex::operator++()
+    {
+	++(*mI);
+	IB::mPos = mI->pos();
+	return *this;
+    }
+    
+    DIndex& DIndex::operator--()
+    {
+	--(*mI);
+	IB::mPos = mI->pos();
+	return *this;
+    }
+    
+    DIndex DIndex::operator+(Int n) const
+    {
+	return (*mI) + n;
+    }
+    
+    DIndex DIndex::operator-(Int n) const
+    {
+	return (*mI) - n;
+    }
+    
+    DIndex& DIndex::operator+=(Int n)
+    {
+	(*mI) += n;
+	IB::mPos = mI->pos();
+	return *this;
+    }
+    
+    DIndex& DIndex::operator-=(Int n)
+    {
+
+	IB::mPos = mI->pos();
+	return *this;
+    }
+
+    DType DIndex::operator*() const
+    {
+	return *(*mI);
+    }
+    
+    DType DIndex::operator->() const
+    {
+	return *(*mI);
+    }
+
+    Int DIndex::pp(PtrId idxPtrNum)
+    {
+	const Int out = mI->pp(idxPtrNum);
+	IB::mPos = mI->pos();
+	return out;
+    }
+    
+    Int DIndex::mm(PtrId idxPtrNum)
+    {
+	const Int out = mI->mm(idxPtrNum);
+	IB::mPos = mI->pos();
+	return out;
+    }
+
+    SizeT DIndex::dim() const
+    {
+	return mI->dim();
+    }
+    
+    RangePtr DIndex::range() const
+    {
+	return mI->range();
+    }
+    
+    SizeT DIndex::getStepSize(SizeT n) const
+    {
+	return mI->getStepSize(n);
+    }
+
+    String DIndex::stringMeta() const
+    {
+	return mI->stringMeta();
+    }
+    
+    DType DIndex::meta() const
+    {
+	return mI->meta();
+    }
+    
+    DIndex& DIndex::at(const DType& meta)
+    {
+	mI->at(meta);
+	IB::mPos = mI->pos();
+	return *this;
+    }
+
+    //DExpr DIndex::ifor(SizeT step, DExpr ex) const;
+    //DExpr DIndex::iforh(SizeT step, DExpr ex) const;
+    
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/ranges/range_base.cc b/src/lib/ranges/range_base.cc
index 4e32e0a..1c12b37 100644
--- a/src/lib/ranges/range_base.cc
+++ b/src/lib/ranges/range_base.cc
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-#include "ranges/range_base.h"
+#include "ranges/ranges.h"
 
 namespace CNORXZ
 {
@@ -51,15 +51,15 @@ namespace CNORXZ
     
     PtrId RangeBase::id() const
     {
-        return reinterpret_cast<std::intptr_t>(this);
+        return reinterpret_cast<PtrId>(this);
     }
 
-    XIndexPtr RangeBase::begin() const
+    DIndex RangeBase::begin() const
     {
 	return this->index(0);
     }
     
-    XIndexPtr RangeBase::end() const
+    DIndex RangeBase::end() const
     {
 	return this->index(this->size());
     }
diff --git a/src/tests/range_unit_test.cc b/src/tests/range_unit_test.cc
index 877269f..7ff4e78 100644
--- a/src/tests/range_unit_test.cc
+++ b/src/tests/range_unit_test.cc
@@ -35,16 +35,16 @@ namespace {
 	EXPECT_EQ(crx->begin().pos(), 0);
 	EXPECT_EQ(crx->end().pos(), mSize);
 
-	EXPECT_EQ(*cr->begin() != *cr->end(), true);
-	EXPECT_EQ(cr->begin()->pos(), 0);
-	EXPECT_EQ(cr->end()->pos(), mSize);
+	EXPECT_EQ(cr->begin() != cr->end(), true);
+	EXPECT_EQ(cr->begin().pos(), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(cr->end().pos(), mSize);
 
 	
 	SizeT cnt = 0;
 	auto endxi = cr->end();
-	for(auto xi = cr->begin(); *xi != *endxi; ++(*xi)){
-	    EXPECT_EQ(xi->pos(), cnt);
-	    EXPECT_EQ(*(*xi), cnt);
+	for(auto xi = cr->begin(); xi != endxi; ++xi){
+	    EXPECT_EQ(xi.pos(), cnt);
+	    EXPECT_EQ(*xi, cnt);
 	    ++cnt;
 	}