#ifndef __xfor_h__
#define __xfor_h__

#include <cstdlib>
#include <memory>
#include <tuple>
#include "xfor/for_type.h"
#include "xfor/for_utils.h"
#include "xfor/exttype.h"

#include "allocator.h"
#include <omp.h>

#define VCHECK(a) std::cout << __FILE__ << ": @" << __LINE__ \
    << " in " << __func__ << ": " << #a << " = " << a << std::endl; 

namespace MultiArrayHelper
{
    using namespace MultiArrayTools;
    // 'HIDDEN FOR' CLASS for nested for loops in contractions a.s.o.
    // (NO COUNTING OF MASTER POSITION !!!!!)

    //typedef std::pair<size_t const*,size_t> DExt;

    class ExtBase
    {
    public:
	ExtBase() = default;
	ExtBase(const ExtBase& in) = default;
	ExtBase(ExtBase&& in) = default;
	ExtBase& operator=(const ExtBase& in) = default;
	ExtBase& operator=(ExtBase&& in) = default;
        
	virtual size_t size() const = 0;
	virtual const size_t& val() const = 0;
	//virtual size_t rootSteps() const = 0;
	virtual std::shared_ptr<ExtBase> operator+(const ExtBase& in) const = 0;
	virtual std::shared_ptr<ExtBase> operator*(size_t in) const = 0;
	virtual void zero() = 0;

	virtual std::shared_ptr<ExtBase> deepCopy() const = 0;
	
	template <class ExtType>
	const ExtType& expl() const;

        virtual std::string stype() const = 0;
    };

    typedef std::shared_ptr<ExtBase> DExt;

    template <class ExtType>
    class ExtT : public ExtBase
    {
    private:
	ExtType mExt;
    public:
	static constexpr size_t SIZE = ExtType::SIZE;
	static constexpr size_t NUM = ExtType::NUM;
	
	ExtT() = default;
	ExtT(const ExtT& in) = default;
	ExtT(ExtT&& in) = default;
	ExtT& operator=(const ExtT& in) = default;
	ExtT& operator=(ExtT&& in) = default;

	ExtT(const ExtType& in) : mExt(in) {}

	virtual std::shared_ptr<ExtBase> deepCopy() const override final { return std::make_shared<ExtT<ExtType>>(mExt); }

	virtual size_t size() const override final { return sizeof(ExtType)/sizeof(size_t); }
	//virtual size_t size() const override final { return ExtType::MExtSize(); }
	//virtual size_t rootSteps() const override final;
	const ExtType& ext() const { return mExt; }
	virtual const size_t& val() const override final { return mExt.val(); }
	virtual void zero() override final { mExt.zero(); }

	virtual DExt operator+(const ExtBase& in) const override final
	{ return std::make_shared<ExtT<ExtType>>( mExt + dynamic_cast<const ExtT<ExtType>&>(in).mExt ); }
	virtual DExt operator*(size_t in) const override final
	{ return std::make_shared<ExtT<ExtType>>( mExt * in ); }

        virtual std::string stype() const override final { return std::string("T[") + mExt.stype() + "]"; }
    };
    //class DExtT;

    template <class ExtType>
    DExt mkDExt(const ExtT<ExtType>& in)
    {
        return std::make_shared<ExtT<ExtType>>(in);
    }

    template <class ExtType>
    ExtT<ExtType> mkExtT(const ExtType& in)
    {
        return ExtT<ExtType>(in);
    }
    
    template <class X>
    class DExtTX
    {
    private:
	mutable DExt mDExt = nullptr;
	X mNext;

        template <class Y>
        friend class DExtTX;
    public:
	static constexpr size_t NUM = X::SIZE;
	static constexpr size_t SIZE = NUM + 1;
	
        DExtTX() { mDExt = std::make_shared<ExtT<None>>(); }
        DExtTX(const DExtTX& in) : mDExt(in.mDExt->deepCopy()), mNext(in.mNext) {}
        DExtTX(DExtTX&& in) : mDExt(in.mDExt->deepCopy()), mNext(in.mNext) {}
        DExtTX& operator=(const DExtTX& in) { mNext = in.mNext; mDExt = in.mDExt->deepCopy(); }
        DExtTX& operator=(DExtTX&& in) { mNext = in.mNext; mDExt = in.mDExt->deepCopy(); }
        explicit DExtTX(const DExt& in) : mDExt(in) {}
        /*
	template <class Y>
	DExtTX& operator=(const Y& y) { mDExt = std::make_shared<ExtT<Y>>(y); return *this; }

	template <class Y>
	DExtTX(const Y& y) : mDExt(std::make_shared<ExtT<Y>>(y)) {}
        */

        template <class Y>
        DExtTX(const DExtTX<Y>& in) : mDExt(in.mDExt), mNext(in.mNext) {}
        
	DExtTX(const DExt& y, const X& x) : mDExt(y->deepCopy()),
                                            mNext(x) {}

        virtual size_t size() const { return mDExt->size(); }
        inline const DExt& get() const { return mDExt; }

        inline DExtTX<None> reduce() const { return DExtTX<None>(mDExt,None(0)); }
        
        inline DExtTX operator+(const DExtTX& in) const
        { if (not mDExt) return in; else return DExtTX( (*mDExt) + (*in.mDExt), mNext + in.mNext ); }
        inline DExtTX operator*(size_t in) const
        { if (not mDExt) return *this; else return DExtTX((*mDExt) * in, mNext * in); }

	template <class ExtType>
	inline const ExtType& expl() const
	{ if(mDExt == nullptr) mDExt = std::make_shared<ExtT<ExtType>>(); assert(mDExt != nullptr); return mDExt->expl<ExtType>(); }

	template <class Y>
	inline auto extend(const Y& y) const -> DExtTX<decltype(mNext.extend(y))>
	{ return DExtTX<decltype(mNext.extend(y))>(mDExt, mNext.extend(y)); }

	inline const size_t& val() const { return mDExt->val(); }
	inline const X& next() const { return mNext; }

	inline void zero() { mDExt->zero(); }
	
	template <size_t N>
	inline auto nn() const -> decltype(Getter<N>::getX(*this))
	    { return Getter<N>::getX(*this); }

        std::string stype() const { return std::string("D[") + mDExt->stype() + "," + mNext.stype() + "]"; }
    };

    typedef DExtTX<None> DExtT;
    
    inline MExt<None> mkExt(size_t s) { return MExt<None>(s); }
    
    class ExpressionBase
    {
    public:

	ExpressionBase() = default;
	ExpressionBase(const ExpressionBase& in) = default;
	ExpressionBase(ExpressionBase&& in) = default;
	ExpressionBase& operator=(const ExpressionBase& in) = default;
	ExpressionBase& operator=(ExpressionBase&& in) = default;

	virtual void operator()(size_t mlast, DExt last) = 0;
	virtual void operator()(size_t mlast = 0) = 0;

        virtual DExt dRootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum = 0) const = 0;
        virtual DExt dExtension() const = 0;
        
    };

    
    template <ForType FT = ForType::DEFAULT>
    struct PosForward
    {
	static inline size_t valuex(size_t last, size_t step, size_t pos)
	{
	    return last + pos * step;
	}

	static inline size_t value(size_t last, size_t max, size_t pos)
	{
	    return last * max + pos;
	}
    };

    template <>
    struct PosForward<ForType::HIDDEN>
    {
	static inline size_t valuex(size_t last, size_t step, size_t pos)
	{
	    return last;
	}

	static inline size_t value(size_t last, size_t max, size_t pos)
	{
	    return last;
	}
    };

    template <size_t ISSTATIC>
    struct ForBound
    {
	template <size_t BOUND>
	static inline size_t bound(size_t bound)
	{
	    return bound;
	}
    };

    template <>
    struct ForBound<1>
    {
	template <size_t BOUND>
	static constexpr size_t bound(size_t bound)
	{
	    return BOUND;
	}
    };

    
    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    class SingleExpression : public ExpressionBase
    {
    private:
	SingleExpression() = default;

	const IndexClass* mIndPtr;
	size_t mSPos;
	size_t mMax;

        Expr mExpr;
	typedef decltype(mExpr.rootSteps()) ExtType;
	ExtType mExt;

        mutable ExtType mRootSteps;

    public:
	typedef ExpressionBase EB;
	
	static constexpr size_t LAYER = Expr::LAYER + 1;
	static constexpr size_t SIZE = Expr::SIZE;

	SingleExpression(const SingleExpression& in) = default;
	SingleExpression& operator=(const SingleExpression& in) = default;
	SingleExpression(SingleExpression&& in) = default;
	SingleExpression& operator=(SingleExpression&& in) = default;
	
	SingleExpression(const std::shared_ptr<IndexClass>& indPtr,
			 Expr expr);

	SingleExpression(const IndexClass* indPtr,
			 Expr expr);

	
	inline void operator()(size_t mlast, DExt last) override final;
	inline void operator()(size_t mlast, ExtType last);
	inline void operator()(size_t mlast = 0) override final;

        DExt dRootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum = 0) const override final;
        DExt dExtension() const override final;

        auto rootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum = 0) const -> ExtType;
	auto extension() const -> ExtType;
    };

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    class SubExpr : public ExpressionBase
    {
    private:
	SubExpr() = default;

	const IndexClass* mIndPtr;
	std::intptr_t mSIPtr;
	size_t mSPos;
	size_t mMax;

        Expr mExpr;
	typedef decltype(mkExt(0).extend(mExpr.rootSteps())) ExtType;
	ExtType mExt;

        const vector<size_t>* mSubSet;
        
        mutable ExtType mRootSteps;

    public:
	typedef ExpressionBase EB;
	
	static constexpr size_t LAYER = Expr::LAYER + 1;
	static constexpr size_t SIZE = Expr::SIZE + 1;

	SubExpr(const SubExpr& in) = default;
	SubExpr& operator=(const SubExpr& in) = default;
	SubExpr(SubExpr&& in) = default;
	SubExpr& operator=(SubExpr&& in) = default;
	
	SubExpr(const std::shared_ptr<IndexClass>& indPtr,
		std::intptr_t siptr,
                const vector<size_t>* subset, Expr expr);

	SubExpr(const IndexClass* indPtr, std::intptr_t siptr,
                const vector<size_t>* subset, Expr expr);

	
	inline void operator()(size_t mlast, DExt last) override final;
	inline void operator()(size_t mlast, ExtType last) ;
	inline void operator()(size_t mlast = 0) override final;

        DExt dRootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum = 0) const override final;
        DExt dExtension() const override final;

        auto rootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum = 0) const -> ExtType;
	auto extension() const -> ExtType;
    };

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    class PFor;
    
    template <class IndexClass, class Expr, ForType FT>
    class For : public ExpressionBase
    {
    private:
	For() = default;
		
	const IndexClass* mIndPtr;
	size_t mSPos;
	size_t mMax;
	size_t mStep;

	Expr mExpr;
	typedef decltype(mExpr.rootSteps()) ExtType;
	ExtType mExt;

        mutable ExtType mRootSteps;
        
    public:
	typedef ExpressionBase EB;
	
	static constexpr size_t LAYER = Expr::LAYER + 1;
	static constexpr size_t SIZE = Expr::SIZE;

	For(const For& in) = default;
	For& operator=(const For& in) = default;
	For(For&& in) = default;
	For& operator=(For&& in) = default;
	
	For(const std::shared_ptr<IndexClass>& indPtr,
	    size_t step, Expr expr);

	For(const IndexClass* indPtr,
	    size_t step, Expr expr);

	inline void operator()(size_t mlast, DExt last) override final;
	inline void operator()(size_t mlast, ExtType last) ;
	inline void operator()(size_t mlast = 0) override final;

        PFor<IndexClass,Expr> parallel() const;
        
        DExt dRootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum = 0) const override final;
        DExt dExtension() const override final;

        auto rootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum = 0) const -> ExtType;
	auto extension() const -> ExtType;

    };

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    class PFor : public ExpressionBase
    {
    private:
	PFor() = default;
		
	const IndexClass* mIndPtr;
	size_t mSPos;
	size_t mMax;
	size_t mStep;

	Expr mExpr;
	typedef decltype(mExpr.rootSteps()) ExtType;
	ExtType mExt;

        mutable ExtType mRootSteps;
        
    public:
	typedef ExpressionBase EB;
	
	static constexpr size_t LAYER = Expr::LAYER + 1;
	static constexpr size_t SIZE = Expr::SIZE;

	PFor(const PFor& in) = default;
	PFor& operator=(const PFor& in) = default;
	PFor(PFor&& in) = default;
	PFor& operator=(PFor&& in) = default;
       
	PFor(const std::shared_ptr<IndexClass>& indPtr,
	    size_t step, Expr expr);

	PFor(const IndexClass* indPtr,
	    size_t step, Expr expr);

	inline void operator()(size_t mlast, DExt last) override final;
	inline void operator()(size_t mlast, ExtType last) ;
	inline void operator()(size_t mlast = 0) override final;

        DExt dRootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum = 0) const override final;
        DExt dExtension() const override final;

        auto rootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum = 0) const -> ExtType;
	auto extension() const -> ExtType;

    };

    template <size_t N>
    inline size_t exceptMax(size_t max) { return max; }

    template <>
    inline size_t exceptMax<1>(size_t max) { return 1; }

    class DynamicExpression : public ExpressionBase
    {
    private:
	DynamicExpression() = default;

	std::shared_ptr<ExpressionBase> mNext;

    public:
	
	static constexpr size_t LAYER = 0;
	static constexpr size_t SIZE = 0;

	DynamicExpression(const DynamicExpression& in) = default;
	DynamicExpression(DynamicExpression&& in) = default;
	DynamicExpression& operator=(const DynamicExpression& in) = default;
	DynamicExpression& operator=(DynamicExpression&& in) = default;
	
	DynamicExpression(const std::shared_ptr<ExpressionBase>& next) :
	    mNext(next)
	{}

        template <class Expr>
        DynamicExpression(const ExpressionBase& next) :
	    mNext(std::make_shared<Expr>(next))
	{}

        template <class Expr>
        DynamicExpression(Expr ex) : mNext( std::make_shared<Expr>(ex) ) {}
        
	inline void operator()(size_t mlast, DExt last) override final;
        inline void operator()(size_t mlast, DExtT last) { (*this)(mlast,last.get()); }
	inline void operator()(size_t mlast = 0) override final;

        inline DExt dRootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum = 0) const override final;
        inline DExt dExtension() const override final;

        inline DExtT rootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum = 0) const { return DExtT(dRootSteps(iPtrNum)); }
        inline DExtT extension() const { return DExtT(dExtension()); }

    };


    template <class Expr>
    class ExpressionHolder : public ExpressionBase
    {
    private:
	ExpressionHolder() = default;
	
        DynamicExpression mExpr;
	typedef decltype(std::declval<Expr>().rootSteps()) ExtType;
	ExtType mExt;

        mutable ExtType mRootSteps;

    public:
	typedef ExpressionBase EB;
	
	static constexpr size_t LAYER = Expr::LAYER + 1;
	static constexpr size_t SIZE = Expr::SIZE;

	ExpressionHolder(const ExpressionHolder& in) = default;
	ExpressionHolder(ExpressionHolder&& in) = default;
	ExpressionHolder& operator=(const ExpressionHolder& in) = default;
	ExpressionHolder& operator=(ExpressionHolder&& in) = default;

	ExpressionHolder(DynamicExpression expr);
	
	inline void operator()(size_t mlast, DExt last) override final;
	inline void operator()(size_t mlast, ExtType last) ;
	inline void operator()(size_t mlast = 0) override final;

        DExt dRootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum = 0) const override final;
        DExt dExtension() const override final;

        auto rootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum = 0) const -> ExtType;
	auto extension() const -> ExtType;

    };

} // namespace MultiArrayHelper

/* ========================= *
 * ---   TEMPLATE CODE   --- *
 * ========================= */

#include <iostream>

namespace MultiArrayHelper
{
    template <class ExtType>
    const ExtType& ExtBase::expl() const
    {
	return dynamic_cast<const ExtT<ExtType>*>(this)->ext();
    }
    
    /*****************
     *     F o r     *
     *****************/
    
    template <class IndexClass, class Expr, ForType FT>
    For<IndexClass,Expr,FT>::For(const std::shared_ptr<IndexClass>& indPtr,
				 size_t step, Expr expr) :
	mIndPtr(indPtr.get()), mSPos(mIndPtr->pos()), mMax(mIndPtr->max()), mStep(step),
        mExpr(expr), mExt(mExpr.rootSteps( reinterpret_cast<std::intptr_t>( mIndPtr )))
    {
	assert(mIndPtr != nullptr);
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr, ForType FT>
    For<IndexClass,Expr,FT>::For(const IndexClass* indPtr,
				 size_t step, Expr expr) :
	mIndPtr(indPtr), mSPos(mIndPtr->pos()), mMax(mIndPtr->max()), mStep(step),
        mExpr(expr), mExt(mExpr.rootSteps( reinterpret_cast<std::intptr_t>( mIndPtr )))
    {
	assert(mIndPtr != nullptr);
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr, ForType FT>
    inline void For<IndexClass,Expr,FT>::operator()(size_t mlast, DExt last)
    {
        operator()(mlast, std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ExtT<ExtType>>(last)->ext());
        //operator()(mlast, *reinterpret_cast<ExtType const*>(last.first));
    }
    
    template <class IndexClass, class Expr, ForType FT>
    inline void For<IndexClass,Expr,FT>::operator()(size_t mlast,
						    ExtType last)
    {
	typedef typename IndexClass::RangeType RangeType;
	for(size_t pos = 0u; pos != ForBound<RangeType::ISSTATIC>::template bound<RangeType::SIZE>(mMax); ++pos){
	    const size_t mnpos = PosForward<FT>::valuex(mlast, mStep, pos);
	    const ExtType npos = last + mExt*pos;
	    mExpr(mnpos, npos);
	}
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr, ForType FT>
    inline void For<IndexClass,Expr,FT>::operator()(size_t mlast)
    {
	typedef typename IndexClass::RangeType RangeType;
	ExtType last = rootSteps();
	last.zero();
	for(size_t pos = 0u; pos != ForBound<RangeType::ISSTATIC>::template bound<RangeType::SIZE>(mMax); ++pos){
	    const size_t mnpos = PosForward<FT>::valuex(mlast, mStep, pos);
	    const ExtType npos = last + mExt*pos;
	    mExpr(mnpos, npos);
	}
    }
    
    
    template <class IndexClass, class Expr, ForType FT>
    auto For<IndexClass,Expr,FT>::rootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum) const
	-> ExtType
    {
	return mExpr.rootSteps(iPtrNum);
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr, ForType FT>
    auto For<IndexClass,Expr,FT>::extension() const
	-> ExtType
    {
	return mExt;
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr, ForType FT>
    DExt For<IndexClass,Expr,FT>::dRootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum) const
    {
        return std::make_shared<ExtT<ExtType>>(rootSteps(iPtrNum));
        //mRootSteps = rootSteps(iPtrNum);
        //return std::make_pair<size_t const*,size_t>(reinterpret_cast<size_t const*>(&mRootSteps),
	//					    sizeof(ExtType)/sizeof(size_t));
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr, ForType FT>
    DExt For<IndexClass,Expr,FT>::dExtension() const
    {
        return std::make_shared<ExtT<ExtType>>(mExt);
        //return std::make_pair<size_t const*,size_t>(reinterpret_cast<size_t const*>(&mExt),
	//					    sizeof(ExtType)/sizeof(size_t));
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr, ForType FT>
    PFor<IndexClass,Expr> For<IndexClass,Expr,FT>::parallel() const
    {
        static_assert(FT == ForType::DEFAULT, "hidden for not parallelizable");
        return PFor<IndexClass,Expr>(mIndPtr, mStep, mExpr);
    }
    
    /******************
     *    P F o r     *
     ******************/
    
    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    PFor<IndexClass,Expr>::PFor(const std::shared_ptr<IndexClass>& indPtr,
				 size_t step, Expr expr) :
	mIndPtr(indPtr.get()), mSPos(mIndPtr->pos()), mMax(mIndPtr->max()), mStep(step),
        mExpr(expr), mExt(mExpr.rootSteps( reinterpret_cast<std::intptr_t>( mIndPtr )))
    {
	assert(mIndPtr != nullptr);
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    PFor<IndexClass,Expr>::PFor(const IndexClass* indPtr,
				 size_t step, Expr expr) :
	mIndPtr(indPtr), mSPos(mIndPtr->pos()), mMax(mIndPtr->max()), mStep(step),
        mExpr(expr), mExt(mExpr.rootSteps( reinterpret_cast<std::intptr_t>( mIndPtr )))
    {
	assert(mIndPtr != nullptr);
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    inline void PFor<IndexClass,Expr>::operator()(size_t mlast, DExt last)
    {
        operator()(mlast, std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ExtT<ExtType>>(last)->ext());
        //operator()(mlast, *reinterpret_cast<ExtType const*>(last.first));
    }
    
    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    inline void PFor<IndexClass,Expr>::operator()(size_t mlast,
						    ExtType last)
    {
        CHECK;
	typedef typename IndexClass::RangeType RangeType;
        int pos = 0;
        size_t mnpos = 0;
        ExtType npos;
#pragma omp parallel shared(mExpr) private(pos,mnpos,npos)
        {
            auto expr = mExpr;
#pragma omp for nowait
            for(pos = 0; pos < static_cast<int>(ForBound<RangeType::ISSTATIC>::template bound<RangeType::SIZE>(mMax)); pos++){
                mnpos = PosForward<ForType::DEFAULT>::valuex(mlast, mStep, pos);
                npos = last + mExt*static_cast<size_t>(pos);
                expr(mnpos, npos);
            }
        }
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    inline void PFor<IndexClass,Expr>::operator()(size_t mlast)
    {
        CHECK;
	typedef typename IndexClass::RangeType RangeType;
	ExtType last = rootSteps();
	last.zero();
        int pos = 0;
        size_t mnpos = 0;
        ExtType npos = rootSteps();
	npos.zero();
#pragma omp parallel shared(mExpr) private(pos,mnpos,npos)
        {
            auto expr = mExpr;
#pragma omp for nowait
            for(pos = 0; pos < static_cast<int>(ForBound<RangeType::ISSTATIC>::template bound<RangeType::SIZE>(mMax)); pos++){
                mnpos = PosForward<ForType::DEFAULT>::valuex(mlast, mStep, pos);
                npos = last + mExt*static_cast<size_t>(pos);
                expr(mnpos, npos);
            }
        }
    }
    
    
    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    auto PFor<IndexClass,Expr>::rootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum) const
	-> ExtType
    {
	return mExpr.rootSteps(iPtrNum);
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    auto PFor<IndexClass,Expr>::extension() const
	-> ExtType
    {
	return mExt;
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    DExt PFor<IndexClass,Expr>::dRootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum) const
    {
        return std::make_shared<ExtT<ExtType>>(rootSteps(iPtrNum));
        //mRootSteps = rootSteps(iPtrNum);
        //return std::make_pair<size_t const*,size_t>(reinterpret_cast<size_t const*>(&mRootSteps),
	//					    sizeof(ExtType)/sizeof(size_t));
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    DExt PFor<IndexClass,Expr>::dExtension() const
    {
        return std::make_shared<ExtT<ExtType>>(mExt);
        //return std::make_pair<size_t const*,size_t>(reinterpret_cast<size_t const*>(&mExt),
	//					    sizeof(ExtType)/sizeof(size_t));
    }

    /************************
     *   SingleExpression   *
     ************************/
    
    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    SingleExpression<IndexClass,Expr>::SingleExpression(const std::shared_ptr<IndexClass>& indPtr,
							Expr expr) :
	mIndPtr(indPtr.get()), mSPos(mIndPtr->pos()), mMax(mIndPtr->max()),
        mExpr(expr), mExt(mExpr.rootSteps( reinterpret_cast<std::intptr_t>( mIndPtr )))
    {
	assert(mIndPtr != nullptr);
	//VCHECK(mIndPtr->id());
	//VCHECK(mIndPtr->max());
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    SingleExpression<IndexClass,Expr>::SingleExpression(const IndexClass* indPtr,
				 Expr expr) :
	mIndPtr(indPtr), mSPos(mIndPtr->pos()), mMax(mIndPtr->max()),
        mExpr(expr), mExt(mExpr.rootSteps( reinterpret_cast<std::intptr_t>( mIndPtr )))
    {
	assert(mIndPtr != nullptr);
	//VCHECK(mIndPtr->id());
	//VCHECK(mIndPtr->max());
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    inline void SingleExpression<IndexClass,Expr>::operator()(size_t mlast, DExt last)
    {
        operator()(mlast, std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ExtT<ExtType>>(last)->ext());
        //operator()(mlast, *reinterpret_cast<ExtType const*>(last.first));
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    inline void SingleExpression<IndexClass,Expr>::operator()(size_t mlast,
							      ExtType last)
    {
	//typedef typename IndexClass::RangeType RangeType;
	const size_t pos = mIndPtr->pos();
	const size_t mnpos = PosForward<ForType::DEFAULT>::value(mlast, mMax, pos);
	const ExtType npos = last + mExt*pos;
	mExpr(mnpos, npos);
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    inline void SingleExpression<IndexClass,Expr>::operator()(size_t mlast)
    {
	//typedef typename IndexClass::RangeType RangeType;
	ExtType last = rootSteps();
	last.zero();
	const size_t pos = mIndPtr->pos();
	const size_t mnpos = PosForward<ForType::DEFAULT>::value(mlast, mMax, pos);
	const ExtType npos = last + mExt*pos;
	mExpr(mlast, last);
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    auto SingleExpression<IndexClass,Expr>::rootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum) const
	-> ExtType
    {
	return mExpr.rootSteps(iPtrNum);
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    auto SingleExpression<IndexClass,Expr>::extension() const
	-> ExtType
    {
	return mExt;
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    DExt SingleExpression<IndexClass,Expr>::dRootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum) const
    {
        return std::make_shared<ExtT<ExtType>>(rootSteps(iPtrNum));
        //mRootSteps = rootSteps(iPtrNum);
        //return std::make_pair<size_t const*,size_t>(reinterpret_cast<size_t const*>(&mRootSteps),
	//					    sizeof(ExtType)/sizeof(size_t));
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    DExt SingleExpression<IndexClass,Expr>::dExtension() const
    {
        return std::make_shared<ExtT<ExtType>>(mExt);
        //return std::make_pair<size_t const*,size_t>(reinterpret_cast<size_t const*>(&mExt),
        //				    sizeof(ExtType)/sizeof(size_t));
    }
    
    /****************
     *   SubExpr    *
     ****************/

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    SubExpr<IndexClass,Expr>::SubExpr(const std::shared_ptr<IndexClass>& indPtr,
				      std::intptr_t siptr,
                                      const vector<size_t>* subset, Expr expr) :
	mIndPtr(indPtr.get()), mSIPtr(siptr), mSPos(mIndPtr->pos()), mMax(mIndPtr->max()),
        mExpr(expr),
	mExt( mkExt(0).extend( mExpr.rootSteps( reinterpret_cast<std::intptr_t>( mIndPtr )) ) ),
        mSubSet(subset)
    {
	assert(mIndPtr != nullptr);
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    SubExpr<IndexClass,Expr>::SubExpr(const IndexClass* indPtr, std::intptr_t siptr,
                                      const vector<size_t>* subset, Expr expr) :
	mIndPtr(indPtr), mSIPtr(siptr), mSPos(mIndPtr->pos()), mMax(mIndPtr->max()),
        mExpr(expr),
	mExt( mkExt(0).extend( mExpr.rootSteps( reinterpret_cast<std::intptr_t>( mIndPtr )) ) ),
        mSubSet(subset)
    {
	assert(mIndPtr != nullptr);
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    inline void SubExpr<IndexClass,Expr>::operator()(size_t mlast, DExt last)
    {
        operator()(mlast, std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ExtT<ExtType>>(last)->ext());
        //operator()(mlast, *reinterpret_cast<ExtType const*>(last.first));
    }
    
    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    inline void SubExpr<IndexClass,Expr>::operator()(size_t mlast,
                                                     ExtType last)
    {
        const size_t pos = (*mSubSet)[last.val()];
        const size_t mnpos = mlast;
        const ExtType npos = last + mExt*pos;
        mExpr(mnpos, Getter<1>::template getX<ExtType>( npos ));
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    inline void SubExpr<IndexClass,Expr>::operator()(size_t mlast)
    {
	ExtType last = rootSteps();
	last.zero();
        const size_t pos = (*mSubSet)[last.val()];
        const size_t mnpos = mlast;
        const ExtType npos = last + mExt*pos;
        mExpr(mnpos, Getter<1>::template getX<ExtType>( npos ));
    }
    
    
    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    auto SubExpr<IndexClass,Expr>::rootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum) const
	-> ExtType
    {
	return mkExt(iPtrNum == mSIPtr ? 1 : 0).extend(mExpr.rootSteps(iPtrNum));
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    auto SubExpr<IndexClass,Expr>::extension() const
	-> ExtType
    {
	return mExt;
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    DExt SubExpr<IndexClass,Expr>::dRootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum) const
    {
        return std::make_shared<ExtT<ExtType>>(rootSteps(iPtrNum));
        //mRootSteps = rootSteps(iPtrNum);
        //return std::make_pair<size_t const*,size_t>(reinterpret_cast<size_t const*>(&mRootSteps),
        //sizeof(ExtType)/sizeof(size_t));
    }

    template <class IndexClass, class Expr>
    DExt SubExpr<IndexClass,Expr>::dExtension() const
    {
        return std::make_shared<ExtT<ExtType>>(mExt);
        //return std::make_pair<size_t const*,size_t>(reinterpret_cast<size_t const*>(&mExt),
	//					    sizeof(ExtType)/sizeof(size_t));
    }

    /***************************
     *   DynamicExpression   *
     ***************************/

    inline void DynamicExpression::operator()(size_t mlast, DExt last)
    {
	(*mNext)(mlast,last);
    }

    inline void DynamicExpression::operator()(size_t mlast)
    {
	(*mNext)(mlast);
    }

    inline DExt DynamicExpression::dRootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum) const
    {
        return mNext->dRootSteps(iPtrNum);
    }

    inline DExt DynamicExpression::dExtension() const
    {
        return mNext->dExtension();
    }

    /************************
     *   ExpressionHolder   *
     ************************/

    template <class Expr>
    ExpressionHolder<Expr>::ExpressionHolder(DynamicExpression expr) : mExpr(expr) {}

    template <class Expr>
    inline void ExpressionHolder<Expr>::operator()(size_t mlast, DExt last)
    {
	mExpr(mlast,last);
    }

    template <class Expr>
    inline void ExpressionHolder<Expr>::operator()(size_t mlast, ExtType last)
    {
	mExpr(mlast,
              std::make_shared<ExtT<ExtType>>(last));
    }

    template <class Expr>
    inline void ExpressionHolder<Expr>::operator()(size_t mlast)
    {
	mExpr(mlast);
    }

    template <class Expr>
    DExt ExpressionHolder<Expr>::dRootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum) const
    {
	return mExpr.dRootSteps(iPtrNum);
    }

    template <class Expr>
    DExt ExpressionHolder<Expr>::dExtension() const
    {
	return mExpr.dExtension();
    }

    template <class Expr>
    auto ExpressionHolder<Expr>::rootSteps(std::intptr_t iPtrNum) const
	-> ExtType
    {
        return std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ExtT<ExtType>>(mExpr.dRootSteps(iPtrNum))->ext();
	//return *reinterpret_cast<ExtType const*>( mExpr.dRootSteps(iPtrNum).first );
    }

    template <class Expr>
    auto ExpressionHolder<Expr>::extension() const
	-> ExtType
    {
        return std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ExtT<ExtType>>(mExpr.dExtension())->ext();
	//return *reinterpret_cast<ExtType const*>( mExpr.dExtension().first );
    }


    
} // namespace MultiArrayHelper

#endif